Political Anthropology

The main purpose of the article is to systemize and represent the references and descriptions of Hamed bin Mohammed al-Murjabi available in written sources. Hamed bin Mohammed, who is better known as Tippu Tip, was a Zanzibar merchant and one of the most influential figures in East and Central Africa in the second half of the 19th century. Corpus of sources are represented by memories and travelogues of the European explorers, colonial officials and missionaries, who personally knew Tippu Tip. The article examines the main features of his image and its evolution from “the most remarkable man among Arabs, Swahili, and Half-Castes” to “a renowned slave trader”, who embodies all evil of the Arab slave trade. The particular attention is paid to the conflict between Tippu Tip and Henry M. Stanley during the infamous Emin Pasha Relief Expedition; it is also considered evidences of Tippu Tip’s participation in raids on the local population of Central Africa in order to capture slaves and i...

For the last two and a half decades, not only Turkey but also all developing countries have faced very important structural reforms, which include: Legal and institutional changes, internationalization of internal capital accumulation. Our main task is to figure out all these changes, which expose the reconfiguration of power relations with the emphasis on “power to ” and “power over ” (Thernborn, 1977). We strongly argue that historically accumulated and structured overcome of capitalism and its reproduction mechanism are both one of the most threshold of understanding necessary relation between class and elite analysis. In our view, on the one hand the concept of class is related to historically accumulated and structured overcome of capitalism, on the other the concept of elite is connected with its reproduction mechanism. In spite of their very distinct historical and theoretical legacies, both elite and alternative types of analyses have shared same epistemological premises:

O texto busca refletir sobre as implicações da adoção de práticas de co-gestão gerencial introduzidas por administrações municipais, no Brasil, a partir de uma experiência piloto implantada pela Prefeitura do Recife, no período 1986/88, dado seu caráter inovador, no contexto das experiências recentes de gestão urbana, em nível municipal. Procura elucidar os elementos distintivos deste tipo de modelo de gestão, avaliando os seus limites, alcance e possibilidades; particularmente, sua eficácia no atendimento das necessidades e conseqüente melhoria de vida das comunidades pobres, e no fortalecimento de sua organização social. A pergunta-chave que acompanhou a investigação é se, frente à incontestável e comprovada ineficácia dos modelos tradicionais, há possibilidade de instauração de novas alternativas de gestão urbana para áreas populares, cuja base consista na co-gestão Poder Local-administração municipal/Comunidade. Os resultados do estudo apontam que apesar das limitações do projet...

Maluku terkenal dengan ketenarannya sebagai negara kepulauan penghasil rempah-rempah. Kekayaan rempah-rempah bukanlah satu-satunya kekayaan di Maluku. Maluku juga memiliki kekayaan budaya lain yang tidak kalah uniknya yaitu Batik Maluku. Kekayaan budaya dan kekayaan alam Maluku telah menginspirasi masyarakat setempat untuk mengaplikasikan keindahan visual rempah-rempah pada motif dan ornamen batik yang kemudian menjadi ciri khas Batik Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi aplikasi visual rempah-rempah pada kain batik khas Maluku. Sampel yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini adalah pembatik karya Maluku. Metode yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mempelajari ragam hias yang terinspirasi dari rempah-rempah khas batik Maluku. Hasil studi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa batik Maluku sangat mewakili kearifan lokal masyarakatnya. Temuan lain dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, motif batik dapat dipilah berdasarkan lat...

In northeast Caribbean Colombia, Indigenous Wayúu, Afro-Colombian, campesinos and fishing communities struggle against the socio-environmental impacts of multinational operated legal coal mining operations. This dissertation questions how the multinational coal mining industry has been able to cause direct, structural and cultural violence against human and nonhuman nature over the last thirty-five years. The systemic character of the longer material history of capitalism, war, violence and US military intervention in Colombia is connected to and continues in the 21st century in the name of development. The central argument put forth is that multinational coal mining corporations in Colombia, like extractive industries more broadly, increasingly use compensation programs to address the negative impacts of mining. The evidence for the argument was obtained through 15 months of field research conducted between 2018-2019 in the three Departments of Cesar, La Guajira, and Magdalena, using ethnographic, feminist and empirical research methods from the theoretical perspective of material ecofeminist political economy and a material historical approach. I find that compensation projects obfuscate the direct, structural and cultural violence of coal mining by diverting community-based legal and resistance strategies, dividing impacted communities, and distracting public attention away from the direct and structural violence enacted upon human and nonhuman nature. The programs provide just enough compensation to satisfy legal requirements at the same time they silence opposition, quell resistance and perpetuate environmental racism among Afro-Colombian, Indigenous Wayúu, fisher and campesina communities. The augmenting of compensation projects into carbon pricing platforms and REDD+ projects serves to magnify the power and accumulation of multinational corporations and capitalist governments. The dissertation concludes that multinational corporate and state-backed compensation projects that are offered as measurable and purportedly equitable steps to remedy are incommensurable with the violence caused by development projects such as mining because they undermine community unity and autonomy, and they reinforce a social power imbalance that perpetuates and expands direct, structural and cultural violence against human and nonhuman nature leading to socionature and cultural erasure.

يسعى هذا البحث إلى فهم الالتباس التاريخي الحاصل في خصوص الوجه السياسي للنبوّة المحمّديّة وما استتبعه من مسائل الحكم في تاريخنا العربي الإسلامي، نقترح العودة إلى تحليل طريقة تشكّل الزّعامة عند عرب "الجاهلية"، وأثر ذلك في بزوغ الوجه السّياسي للنبيّ.

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Mental e Atenção Psicossocial, Florianópolis, 2015.Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso que analisou a experiência da profissional de psicologia do Consultório na Rua da cidade de Joinville, SC, durante o processo de implantação do serviço. Esta profissional participou do serviço a partir da segunda fase do programa até a fase atual. O relato abrange a implantação do Consultório na Rua, vinculado ao Departamento de Atenção Básica, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde da cidade, conforme diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde. O serviço Consultório na Rua é um serviço itinerante de saúde que atende a população em situação de rua. O Ministério da Saúde passa a financiar este serviço no ano de 2010 através de projetos pilotos. Dois serviços podem ser considerados marcos da implantação deste serviço. A mobilização do Movimento Nacional de População ...

In post-Socialist countries, cross-border labour migration has become a common individual and family livelihood strategy. The paper is based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with two ethnic Hungarian women whose lives have been significantly reshaped by cross-border migration. Focusing on the interplay of gender and cross-border migration, our aim is to reveal how gender roles and boundaries are reinforced and repositioned by labour migration in the post-socialist context where both the socialist dual-earner model and conventional ideas of family and gender roles simultaneously prevail. We found that cross-border migration challenged these women to pursue diverse strategies to balance their roles of breadwinner, wife, and mother responsible for reproductive work. Nevertheless, the boundaries between female and male work or status were neither discursively nor in practice transgressed. Thus, the effect of cross-border migration on altering gender boundaries in ...

Dans cet article, nous examinons l'hypothèse selon laquelle la conception de la technique se transforme dans la pensée allemande après la Première Guerre mondiale, en particulier en ce qui concerne la relation entre la technique et l'histoire. À gauche, cette transformation passe par la critique benjaminienne de toute conception progressiste de la technique-critique qui anticipe ce que Günther Anders appellera plus tard le « décalage prométhéen ». La pensée conservatrice allemande se lance quant à elle dans un éloge anti-progressiste du progrès technique (c'est le cas par exemple d'Ernst Jünger et d'Oswald Spengler). Nous cherchons, en même temps, à mettre en évidence la centralité de la guerre et de la technologie militaire pour la théorie critique de la technique.

The axis around which the problem of this work is the analysis of the mechanisms of maintenance and recovery of social memory to the inevitable fact of death. The cemetery is a characteristic institution of the urban environment and are typical monuments that have been erected to keep the memory and deeds of loved ones who stay in them. Symbolically it is as a place where social memory expressed, protecting the history of the community and where visits to allow maintenance of the same historical story and the tragic events that have characterized the city.

As more companies start doing digital business-whether by selling their products online, by selling digital wares, or both-the question of how starting a digital venture differs from starting a traditional venture grows more important. We present a framework of digital entrepreneurship that includes a topology of new digital ventures, the characteristics of each type of new digital venture, and a discussion of how those characteristics shape the critical success factors of each type of venture. Specific issues addressed include digital or virtual ...

Semarang as a city located in the coastal area is dealing with the some problems, such as rising sea level, land subsidence, scarcity of land and illegal settlers. In order to deal with rising sea level, a polder system is developed in Kemijen (northern of Semarang). This polder system depends on dredging, a pumping station and retention basins to store water. To make the polder function well and reduce the floods, the existing retention basins should be expanded. Therefore, people who are living at the borders of these basins should be relocated or floating houses could be a solution.. This study aims to determine the acceptance of the Kemijen inhabitants towards floating houses as alternative residential in coastal areas. Data collecting in this study were obtained through interviews with the Kemijen residents and stakeholders. The data  then processed by SWOT analysis. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that the social acceptance of the inhabitants is quite low, bu...

The dissertation analyzes a recognized collective political actor in Egypt, the shabāb al-thawra – the revolutionary youth. The thesis posits that in order to understand the shabāb al-thawra political actor, it is necessary problematize “revolutionary youth” beyond its nominative sense. Instead, the concepts of “youth” and “revolutionary” are conceived as communities of practice, whereby “youth” represents a generational practice of activism and contestation, while “revolutionary” represents a prefigurative practice of the actor’s conception of revolution. Proposing a theoretical framework that lies at the nexus of practice theory and social movement theory, the dissertation assesses the role of practices of “youth” and “revolutionary” in the construction of the shabāb al-thawra through culturalist analysis of the social movement. The analytical framework operationalizes social movement construction processes in order to understand how these are informed by practices of generational...

Making the argument that it is not an architect’s job to deal with the social inequalities of city building reveals that a moral and ethical professional focus on quality design is not a guarantee of justice. As philosopher Iris Young wrote: “it is very possible to act in accord with rules of morality and yet not have discharged one’s responsibilities.” One might act morally, lawfully and ethically, while still contributing to the persistence of inequality and marginality.
Instead, the possibility of justice lies in breaking rank, by taking direct responsibility for challenging the established ways of doing that facilitate the reproduction of oppression and exclusion in cities.

Human existence is believed to be incomplete without the enrichment of culture. Some individuals wholeheartedly immerse themselves in their cultural surroundings, while others observe from a distance.
The ancient Kirat civilization of Nepal predates any religious texts we have. Unfortunately, their profound cultural wisdom has primarily faded, leading to a disheartening void in our understanding of ancient knowledge. The plight of the indigenous communities in the land nurtured by their toil and sacrifice is a cause for concern. Neglecting the valuable contributions of these indigenous communities in the name of progress leaves us incomplete.
Through a thorough anthropological study of the Kirat Limbu community, we've arrived at factual and logical conclusions regarding the questions they've raised. This writer endeavors to share this information, driven purely by academic value and recognition.
Recognizing his responsibility, this writer, in the later stages of life, has felt a sense of urgency in preserving the positivity of research. The book is published to document synthesized knowledge based on trustworthy information and data, thereby sharing it with readers.
This book has expected to be a valuable resource for those seeking to understand the true essence of Nepali soil, to explore the rich Kirat civilization, its culture, and the intricate tapestry of ethnic issues—best of luck on this enlightening journey.

Amenhotep IV, he 1 ruled for the first five years
maintaining religious policies and traditions just like
his father. However, in his fifth year on the throne, he
underwent a profound religious transformation and
shifted his devotion from the cult of the god Amun to
the cult of the sun god Aten, disk of the sun, most
likely a symbolic grouping of the symbol of Ra. Over
the next 12 years, he brought about a fundamental
religious transformation, abolishing the traditional
religious rites of Egypt, primarily the cult of Amon,
and instituted the world's first known state,
monotheistic religion and, according to some,
monotheism itself.

This  essay  attempts  to  approach  the  new  definitions  of  Orientalisng  and Orientalisation, as well as discuss some ambiguities or paradoxes of postcolonial theory. It  departs  from  the  notion  of  connectivity  in  order  to  remark  the  importance  of contextualising archaeology in the Mediterranean and to shape a theoretical framework for cultural exchange where a tension between global and local contexts is perceived. It follows by defining Orientalising as opposed to Orientalism, then associating this notion to the ideological definition of style, postcolonial theory and the role of habitus, in order to  define  ideological  negotiations  of  power.  Next,  some  ambiguities  and  problems related to sharpness distinctions of ethnicity are distinguished. The final section includes a discussion of some problems related to terminology and scale, when it is observed a tension between diachronic and synchronic ones.

Between 1992, when Botswana and Namibia agreed to appoint a a Joint Team of Technical Experts to determine the disputed boundary between the two countries around Kasikili/Sedudu Island on the basis of that Treaty and of the applicable principles of international law, and 1999 when the International Court of Justice reached a Judgement in favour of Botswana with respect to the dispute, I was actively involved as a member of the Botswana Sedudu Task Force, which had set up by the Office of the President under the supervision of the Permanent Secretary for Political Affairs, Mr. Molosiwa Louis Selepeng. The Botswana Team Leader was the late Prof. Ian Brownlee, C.B.E., Q.C., deputized by the Hon, Abednego Tafa, who was then our Deputy Attorney General.

In the above context it largely fell on my shoulders to undertake historical research, including the discovery of past documents and map evidence, relevant to the case. This assignment ultimately involved extensive archival research in Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as the Botswana archives and fieldwork in the Chobe District. My expectation is that my contributions as well as those of the other members of the Task Force are documented and should become available to interested members of the public through the appropriate declassification protocols over time. It is also my intent to donate private papers to the Botswana National Archives.

Public papers relevant to the case, as drafted by Botswana and Namibia, as well as the final Judgement itself, have in the meantime been published online by the website of the International Court of Justice, available @ https://www.icj-cij.org/case/98.

I have here shared from the site Botswana’s lead document. i.e. “Case Concerning Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia) Memorial of the Republic of Botswana, Vol. 1”, which outlines the core of the Botswana case, including chapters on history and map evidence with which this author was especially engaged as part of a wider collective effort.

Los espacios de participacion ciudadana son producto de la reforma municipal, que establece la elegibilidad de las autoridades municipales y la representatividad democrática a la sociedad civil. En ese sentido, el presente articulo está orientado a describir y explicar los espacios de participacion ciudadana en la capital de la gran naciona aymara, Ilave - Perú . El estudio es de carácter cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y transeccional en su horizonte temporal, la unidad de análisis está conformada por la sociedad civil; en tanto, que la unidad de observación está integrada por los actores sociales e institucionales (mesa de concertación, consejo de coordinación local, presupuesto participativo, vigilancia ciudadana y rendición de cuentas), la población de estudio está conformado por 54 138 habitantes y el tamaño de muestra es de 381 habitantes. Las técnicas de recolección de información son las fuentes primarias como la guía de cuestionario y encuestas; y las secundarias son: ...

R.asur.~w.- Se discuten los datos arqueológicos y literarios reíafivos a los procesos de cambio social y can;- bio cultural en el SO. peninsular durante laprotohistoria y se contrastan con aquéllosprocedentes del área ibérica. Aunque la existencia de élitesyformas de control del trabajo parece ...

Malgré son image de pays en proie à des difficultés économiques, le Brésil est dans bien des domaines en pointe par rapport aux autres grands pays industrialisés. C'est le cas dans le domaine de l'information géographique et surtout de sa diffusion. La plupart des ...

This article critically analyzes Judith Butler’s presentation of Claude Lévi-Strauss in her book Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (1999). In this book, Butler criticizes feminists for employing Lévi-Strauss’s binary oppositions and their use of the sex/gender binary in their critique of patriarchy. Butler’s analysis provides a fruitful lens to understand how gender operates. However, as the article shows, this analysis relies on a misrepresentation of Lévi-Strauss’s take on these dualities. Employing Lévi-Strauss’s term “bricolage,” the article reads Butler’s misinterpretation as a twisted form of bricolage, which destabilizes certain assumptions in Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism. The article presents an example of how Lévi-Strauss’s structural theory has influenced not only feminist theory but also its critique. The article also aims at providing an alternative way to understand influential gender theorist Judith Butler’s misinterpretation of other scholars.