Military History

On 25 September 1904, a military column that had been deployed to occupy the Kwanyama region in southern Angola was attacked and severely defeated by the Kwamatos. Over two hundred Portuguese soldiers are thought to have died in the fight, of which 109 were Europeans and 145 were Africans. The column left Lubango on 22 August and reached the Humbe, the furthest reach of Portuguese influence in the region, on 11 September. The going was slow because of the rugged terrain and the sluggish Boer cars, and the lack of water made the march toilsome, but it was nonetheless conducted in an organized manner, and there were no major incidents. On 19 September, the column, which had meanwhile been reinforced with indigenous companies and auxiliaries, was put in motion, and after 2Kms the troops began crossing the Cunene River. The crossing took a day and a half, with the troops already under Kwamato fire. The Battle of the Ford of Pembe had begun. The forces commanded by Captain João Maria Agu...

This thesis examines the origins and emergence of operational art. It does so by studying the changes in the conduct of warfare that caused operational art to emerge. It further investigates how armies perceived and responded to the changes. The thesis emphasises how armies adapted at the higher levels of command and especially the strategic-operational interactions. Operational art in western armed forces is often defined in broad terms and may span the entire spectre from strategy to tactics. It has been criticised for that reason and for being a relic from the Cold War. This thesis argues that operational art emerged piece-meal from the mid-nineteenth century. The reason for its emergence was the increased complexity of warfare caused by the effects of new technology, the industrial revolution, and mass armies. The parts first came together in the Allied 1918 offensive that won the First World War. When operational art was defined conceptually in the Soviet Union's Red Army i...

Nuno Álvares Pereira is one of the most well-known Iberian figures of the late Middle Ages, not least due to the posthumously produced and anonymous Crónica do Condestabre, which purports to recount his deeds. This article examines the Crónica's presentation of some of the most pressing military issues of the period, as they are refracted through the material of Nuno Álvares's life, including the treatment of prisoners of war; military justice; respect for the Church during wartime; perception of Just War; military ethos and chivalric behavior, all in a comparative perspective regarding works of the same genre.

After semi-independent Local governments come to power in South coast of Caspian Sea, Northern states of Iran became the scene of political dispute and conflict between local and governors of Abbasid and Umayyad. Providing political security of the region and establishing suitable condition for economic development was led to construct the multipurpose garrisons in geographical spread of Tabaristan. The garrisons which are known as Maslaheh, Sakhloo and Zinestan in historical and geographical texts, were constructed in Tabaristan by Abul-Abbas Toussi- governor of Tabaristan- in Abbasid’ Caliphate. Their controlled geographical territory started in three area of plain, forest and mountain in Tamisheh which was located in the Eastern borderline of Tabaristan and ended to Chaloos in the West of this state. A number ofin garrisons Tabaristan are varying of 31,45, and 50 in local histories as well as geographical texts and 31 of them are identified. In this article attempted that by the ...

A QUIXOTIC FIVE EYES OPERATION

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Eyes

A QUIXOTIC FIVE EYES OPERATION
• October 2023
• DOI:
• 10.13140/RG.2.2.10658.40642
• Agha H Amin


A.H Amin

A QUIXOTIC FIVE EYES OPERATION
  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374337245_A_QUIXOTIC_FIVE_EYES_OPERATION?utm_source=twitter&rgutm_meta1=eHNsLVRoaGc1ci9ZQlUyZTFjR1pVS1U5WDl5NFBRRHE4VWNYLzNMOEoyTklaOXp5YnpXSjBBQmVPU2ZLVEFycW5Wa1ZaM1ZUZWZ6Y1kxRnJlbHlHUmZERzluMD0%3D



Five Eyes recently claimed Indian state involvement in assassination of Sikh leader in Canada.

the idea is to pressurise india into being more loyal to the anti china and anti russia efforts- but would not work.

The operation has FAILED !

Canada being headed by the most INCOMPETENT prime minister BOUGHT THE BAIT and OPENLY ACCUSED INDIA.

Canada is known for being LEAKING FROM ALL SIDES as far as SECURITY is concerned.

LITTLE BOY , YOU ARE ON A VERY HARD ROAD AND YOU ARE NO MARTIN LUTHER !

Através de raids de intervenção em territórios vizinhos, de missões de firme pacificação de áreas limítrofes ou sob administração egípcia, por determinação do poder central ou de altos funcionários regionais, ou de vitoriosas campanhas militares planeadas pelo Estado, desde o Império Antigo que chegaram ao Egipto contingentes humanos que se integram na categoria de prisioneiros de guerra (sekeru-ankh, «prisioneiros/ cativos vivos»).
Qual a proveniência dos prisioneiros de guerra no Império Antigo e no Império Médio? Que tipos de prisioneiros existiram nestes dois períodos mais recuados da história egípcia? Que funções lhes estavam destinadas?
Pelas fontes disponíveis, de carácter narrativo-literário e/ ou plástico-iconográfico, podemos perceber esta realidade social e o seu enquadramento no universo demográfico e mental egípcio, responder a estas questões e traçar uma panorâmica diversificada dos prisioneiros de guerra, sempre enquadrada por um conceito egípcio de História em que a realeza, a ideologia e a legitimação influíam directamente na arte da guerra.
Palavras-chave: Prisioneiros, textos, iconografia, Império Antigo, Império Médio.

Dispute resolution mechanisms for a militarising Arctic in the context of an Arctic Council that has no security competencies to possibly intervene. After mapping issues out, and based on a small set of Asian scholars to whom I am grateful, I put forward an incipient legal-administrative suggestion, parallel to WTO best practices, so as to allow this evermore dangerous gap to be plugged.

There is broad agreement that the study of military history is an essential component of professional education for military officers. Although many successful modern commanders, including Napoleon and MacArthur, advocated extending their reading back to ancient times, Clausewitz wrote: "The further back one goes, the less useful military history becomes. " This essay argues, to the contrary, that officers have much to gain by including pre-modern warfare in their studies. A larger and more diverse data-set of examples and case studies allows for more reliable generalization, gives more opportunities for inspiration, and helps guard against the tempting but unwise assumptions that the next war will be similar to the last one, and the equally tempting and equally unwise presumption that material strength alone will ensure victory. Moreover, historians of ancient and medieval warfare, like officers exercising their core professional responsibility in combat, must grapple with scanty and conflicting evidence. Pre-modern history, like war, is a realm of uncertainty; many of the "facts" can only be known as probabilities. The best preparation for seeing through the fog of war, therefore, may be the exercise of peering through the mists of time.

Representation of Lithuania's History in the Eighteenth-Century Silvae Rerum Existing studies on the historical knowledge of the nobility within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth primarily rely on printed sources. However, these studies often overlook the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, focusing on the Kingdom of Poland instead. This article aims to present Lithuania's history as depicted in the silvae rerum of eighteenth-century noblemen. Through scientific investigations, it is evident that descriptions of Lithuanian history were less frequent compared to Polish history. The period covered in these descriptions typically ranges from the origin narrative (ethnogenetic legend) to the reign of Władysław Jagiełło. Notably, the history of the Jagiellonian dynasty is incorporated into the history of Poland. By comparing the noblemen's silvae rerum with historiographical works, both from the 18 th century and earlier periods, the article examines the sources of the nobility's historical knowledge. The analysis reveals the continued influence of works by Maciej Stryjkowski and Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz, while also acknowledging the impact of eighteenth-century writers such as Kasper Niesiecki, Władysław Łubieński, and Franciszek Paprocki on the historical content of the silvae rerum.

The first acts of the Albanian government produced during the years 1944 and 1948 passed into the ownership of the state the assets of the occupying states and those of their collaborators as well as those individuals who in some cases were not confirmed by some special legal provisions in force. These acts hit the foundations of the economic, legal and political order of free capital, which, in the ideological notion of "speculator", enabled the absolute limitation of the free private economy and alienated property as the foundation of human freedom. While through the extraordinary tax, radical control over society, industry and foreign trade was established, accompanied by the cancellation of the conventions of the National Bank and the creation of the State Bank. The legal acts issued during March 1946 February 1947, nationalized the means of production of industrial enterprises that were in the hands of Albanian owners or capitalists was done in a short time through th...

W artykule poruszono problem organizacji szkolenia kawalerzysty Wojska Polskiego w czasach Księstwa Warszawskiego. Zasadnicze było podjęcie próby zweryfikowania, jak przy braku centralnego regulaminu dowódcy pułków radzili sobie z organizacją szkolenia oraz manewrów w podległych im oddziałach. W tym celu poddano analizie rozkazy dowódcy 9. pułku ułanów — płk. Feliksa Przyszychowskiego. Zostały one zapisane w księdze pułkowej z lat 1809—1811. Można w nich dostrzec wpływ wysyłanych do oddziału instrukcji generalnego inspektora jazdy gen. Aleksandra Rożnieckiego. W dyspozycjach pułkownika odnajdujemy wiele cennych uwag dotyczących organizacji musztry ułanów — stosowanego systemu trójkowego, ćwiczeń lancą, flankierowania, manewrów kompanii i szwadronów, szkoły pieszej i konnej żołnierza, przygotowań do lustracji pułku przez generalnego inspektora jazdy czy też porad dla oficerów na temat prowadzenia „małej wojny”.

In his article, Dawid Madziar describes the organization of cavalry training in the Duchy of Warsaw in the years 1809—1811. It shows how, in the absence of central regulations, regimental commanders coped with the organization of training and drills. The material studied by Madziar consists of the orders issued by the commander of the 9th lancer regiment, Colonel Feliks Przyszychowski. They illustrate the influence of the instructions sent to the detachment by the General Inspector of Riding, General Aleksander Rożniecki. The colonel’s dispatches contain several valuable remarks concerning the organization of the uhlan drill, the applied triangular system, lance exercises, flanking, company and squadron maneuvers, the soldier’s school on foot and on horseback, preparations for the regiment’s vetting by the general riding inspector or advice for officers on how to conduct a “small war”.

They have truly messed up the book which is under printing. Out of nowhere they have invented a "33 Frontier Force Group" TOE which is actually an incomplete 11 Cavalry Group TOE. What's really upsetting in that my credit to you for your major help is missing, I have mentioned your name many times in the text and that is there, plus acknowledgement of quotes from you. What is not there is an acknowledgment of 5 of your maps except for one. They redrew each of your maps and say it isn't plagiarism, but it is because they've redrawn them exactly, for example, the three minefields map and the 13Lancer and 31 Cavalry maps at Barapind Jarpal. Then they've credited a sketch by Bhaskar Sarkar to you! They say they will make the corrections in a 2nd printing. I asked them to hold up printing, but apparently, they do a lot of books and have to reserve slots and they wont get another slot for 3 months. The publisher says this wont happen again-I've used several of your battalion maps in Volume 3 which I am finishing up. I will send you the MSS before I send it to the publisher I am so sorry for this mess up. You work so hard, and the map thing is a big insult to you. As well as a disgrace to me.They have me the typeset version just four days before send it to press, and three of those four days were taken up with the wedding of my junior son and did not tell me the date of printing. I asked for on e more day so your help could be formally acknowledged, there was enough space on the Intro page top add the acknowledgment but it was too late.

Castles and Transportation Networks in Podvine, Belarus, during the Livonian War (1558 –1583)
The study of warfare in Belarusian Podvine (Polack and Viciebsk Voivodeships along with the Braslaŭ district) throughout the Livonian Wars has garnered considerable scholarly attention. However, several pivotal aspects have not been explicated, including the objectives behind various war campaigns and the efficacy of strategies employed by the adversaries – the Tsardom of Muscovy and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569). A thorough analysis of military logistics, with its focal points being transportation routes and fortifications, is essential for a comprehensive insight into these issues. The assessment of military potential associated with Lithuanian and Muscovite castles is most effectively executed through an in-depth analysis of their arsenals and garrisons. Evidently, the supply of weaponry indicated that Vilnius anticipated an intense struggle for control over the Daugava River, which was significant for dominance in Livonia. The Polack campaign led by Ivan the Terrible during the winter of 1562/1563 should be evaluated as a rational, yet daring manoeuvre. This endeavour instigated the construction of a robust network of fortresses in the occupied territories, the upkeep of which proved very expensive, and the lack of waterways further exacerbated the problem. Conversely, the Lithuanians adeptly devised a defensive framework on the left bank of the Daugava River, and successfully thwarted efforts to block Viciebsk – a city that maintained control over river transportation. The skilful utilisation of roads and watercourses within Podvine emerged as a pivotal factor contributing to the triumphs of Stephen Batory’s military campaigns from 1579 to 1582.

Cities under armed conflict become urban laboratories. Changes of their urban structure reflect intrinsic properties of the city, hardly noticeable in circumstances of stability. Not only does a conflict-conditioned urban trauma imply shattered spatial and social networks, it also removes memory from space, jeopardizing both city´s history and future. However, viewed through the lens of complexity, “trauma is an element that is not external, but intrinsically constitutive of a city´s organization” (Burke, 2010) – it defines the moment in which the urban system needs to reinvent itself in order not to disappear. In that sense, our object of study addresses an urban specificity that usually occurs in urban conflicts of high uncertainty: self-organization. This paper briefly exposes two cases that concern self-referential systems in war situations. The first case is the city of Mogadishu (Somalia) during the October 1993 pacification attempt by the U.S. Special Forces and the second is...

Научно наслеђе Радомира Д. Лукића : зборник радова са научног скупа одржаног 11–12. децембра 2014. / уредници Данило Баста, Сима Аврамовић. – Београд : САНУ : Правни факултет, 2015. Говорили: академик Коста Чавошки, проф. др Слободан Антонић, академик Данило Н. Баста. У Београду, уторак 23. фебруар 2016. у 13 часова

Los adsorbentes han sido utilizados ampliamente para prevenir las micotoxicosis y la transferencia de toxinas o sus metabolitos dentro de la cadena alimentaria. Particularmente, se unen a las aflatoxinas dentro del tracto gastrointestinal de los rumiantes, disminuyendo su biodisponibilidad y la transferencia de aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) a la leche. El presente estudio se desarrolló para evaluar dos métodos de exposición a aflatoxina B1 en vacas Holstein y monitorear la transferencia AFM1 a la leche. Adicionalmente, se analizó el potencial de tres adsorbentes de aflatoxinas en ambos experimentos. Los resultados mostraron una tasa de trasferencia de AFB1 a AFM1/día de 3.35 y 1.8 % en los dos experimentos espectivamente. La transferencia estimada de AFM1 en la leche observada en el segundo método fue cercana a las obtenidas de vacas alimentadas con alimentos naturalmente contaminados con aflatoxinas. A diferencia de los glucomananos de paredes celulares de levaduras, ambos adsorbentes de al...

This paper looks at key elements of global culture that are driving a new paradigm shift in museums causing them to question their raison d'être, their design and physical space, recognizing the need to accommodate visitor interaction and participation, and to reprioritize institutional outcomes and goals reexamining their priorities. As heritage sharing in online spaces reaches across national, political, and social boundaries on platforms and networks, this has been driven by museum engagement with Internet life during the pandemic. Museum relationships and interactions with communities both local and global, continue to challenge core values and precepts, leading to radical changes in how museums define their roles and responsibilities. In this new cultural landscape, museums are responding to human digital identity in a tidal wave of human interactions on the Internet, from social media to online sharing of images and videos. This is revealing shared perspectives on cultural...