Mental Health

Background Perinatal mental health problems are prevalent, affecting up to 20% of women However, only 17–25% receive formal support during the perinatal period. In this qualitative study, we sought to examine women’s experiences with peer support for mental health problems during the perinatal period. Methods Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with twenty-five mothers from the UK who had utilised peer support for a perinatal mental health problem. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Seven major themes were identified in women’s help seeking process and experience of peer support. These included; perinatal specific precipitating factors that contributed to their mental health problems, barriers in the form of unhelpful professional responses, feelings of isolation, acceptance of the problem and need to actively re-seek support, finding support either through luck or peer assistance. Conclusion Peer support showed promise as an effective means to...

To study the effect of the serotonergic brain system on verbal fluency (i.e., the ability to rapidly extract necessary words from the internal vocabulary), the T102C polymorphism of the serotonin receptor type 2A (5-HTR2A) gene was tested for association with verbal fluency in 108 patients with schizophrenia or disorders of the schizophrenic spectrum and 97 mentally healthy individuals. A significant association was observed only in male schizophrenics (n = 67), with homozygotes A2A2 having lower verbal fluency. The results do not support the association between the 5-HTR2A polymorphism and verbal fluency in normalcy, and agree with the assumed contribution of genotype A2A2 to the severity of schizophrenia.

IntroductionThe World Health Organization’s (WHO) scalable psychological interventions, such as Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Step-by-Step (SbS) are designed to be cost-effective non-specialist delivered interventions to reduce symptoms of common mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The STRENGTHS consortium aims to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of the individual format of PM+ and its group version (gPM+), as well as of the digital SbS intervention among Syrian refugees in seven countries in Europe and the Middle East. This is a study protocol for a prospective individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to evaluate (1) overall effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and (2) treatment moderators of PM+, gPM+ and SbS with Syrian refugees.Methods and analysisFive pilot randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and seven fully powered RCTs conducted within STRENGTHS will be combined into one IPD meta-...

Delirium is a common complication after surgery in the elderly that leads to increased length of stay and other adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to better understand the exact causes of post-operative delirium in patients undergoing surgery for neck of femur (NOF) fractures. We performed a prospective cohort study of 381 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for NOF fractures at a single institution. Baseline cognitive status and risk factors were recorded on admission. Post-operative cognitive status was assessed at regular intervals until discharge. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of delirium. Patients who developed post-operative delirium (n = 70) were significantly older (average age 83 vs. 78, p = 0.019) and more likely to be female (79% vs. 67%, p = 0.062) than non-affected patients. The presence of delirium was associated with increased length of stay (13 vs. 10 days, p = 0.001) and 1-year mortality (25.7% vs. 15% p = 0...

Background Social prescribing (SP) is part of universal personalised care and available to everyone in the UK National Health Service. However, emerging evidence suggests access disparities in social prescribing. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of accessing and analysing data on social prescribing from primary care records. Our secondary aim was to examine exposure to social prescribing and compare characteristics of patients who decline/accept social prescribing referrals to explore possible health inequalities in access to social prescribing. Methods Patient records (n=3086) were extracted from 11 GP practices across Northwest England for accepted, offered and declined social prescribing referrals. Patient demographics collected included sex, age, ethnicity, mental and physical health diagnoses. Patient characteristics in social prescribing referrals were compared to the overall practice population (practice information from Public Health England). Decline and acce...

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Junior Purple League Badminton players' anxiety towards sleep quality and their physical health. Several clubs or teams that competed in the Purple League were the subjects of this investigation. Before conducting the real study, researchers need to conduct a pilot study first. For this pilot study, 30 players were chosen as respondents with the same characteristics as a real respondents. Utilizing the questionnaire method, this study is considered quantitative research. Research data was collected using a set of questionnaires that were administered online using the 'Google Forms software. The questionnaire instrument in this study contains four parts where Part A contains information related to demographics, part B relates to the badminton player's level of anxiety, part C relates to the self-report of sleep quality and finally, Part D covers questions related to physical fitness. The result of the pilot study revealed that, Cronbach's alpha value for anxiety variables was >0.8, Cronbach's alpha value for sleep quality variables was >0.8 and Cronbach's alpha value for physical fitness variables was >0.9. Thus, the findings of this pilot study show that this existing instrument is appropriate and can be used in the actual study later.

Latar belakang: Bronkiektasis merupakan kelainan bronkus dimana terjadi pelebaran atau dilatasi bronkus lokal dan permanen karena kerusakan struktur dinding bronkus. Bronkiektasis sering kali tidak berdiri sendiri, akan tetapi dapat merupakan bagian dari suatu sindrom atau akibat dari infeksi kronis dan kelainan paru yang lain termasuk tuberkulosis paru. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui angka kejadian penemuan tuberkulosis paru pada pasien bronkiektasis di balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Surakarta tahun 2012 sampai 2013. Mengetahui perbedaan antara bronkiektasis TB paru dengan bronkiektasis non TB paru. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian deskriptif dan analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. diambil dari tahun 2012 sampai 2013 di BBKPM Surakarta dengan teknik purposive sampling. Menggunakan uji alternative t test. Hasil: Terdapat 415 pasien bronkiektasis yang terdiri dari 111 pasien (26,75%) dengan diagnosis bronkiektasis TB (infeksi spesifik), yaitu BTA+ 62 pasien (14,94%), BTA- 49 pa...

Background: During a given year, almost 30% of the people around the world are affected by mentally ill health. In India, it accounts for about 20%. Caregivers face a lot of strain, ill health, and disrupted family life, with literature suggesting an increasing concern about their ability to cope up. The needs of caregivers of the mentally ill are given low priority in the current health-care setting in India. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the burden of caregivers of mentally ill individuals and their coping mechanisms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed with a quantitative approach. A convenient sample of 320 caregivers was taken from two private tertiary care centers and one public secondary care center in Udupi taluk. This study was conducted using the Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) and Brief Cope Scale (BCS). Statistical analysis was done on categorical variables, and they were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were measured us...

BACKGROUND In New Zealand (NZ), 1 in 4 adolescents is affected by mental health issues (eg, depression and anxiety) and engages in risk behaviors (eg, harmful drinking and substance abuse), with rates among Māori youth being significantly higher. The majority of NZ secondary school students visit their local primary health care providers (PHPs) at least annually, yet most do not seek help for mental health and risk behavior (MHB) concerns. While youth think it acceptable to discuss sensitive issues during a consultation with their PHPs, unless problems are severe, such conversations are not initiated by PHPs. Early intervention for MHB concerns can prevent long-term health and well-being issues. However, this relies on the early identification of developing problems and youth being offered and accepting help. YouthCHAT is an electronic, multi-item screening tool developed in 2016 to assess MHB concerns among youth. YouthCHAT is completed before a consultation with the PHP, who can a...

In the pursuit of quality education, the Department of Education (DepEd) has undertaken numerous initiatives. Teachers are mandated to facilitate learning with twenty-five or more learners inside the classroom but are constantly asked to do other tasks aside from their actual mandates. These have resulted in overlapping activities causing teachers to experience stressful moments in their daily undertakings. The DepEd Bohol Division has already reported cases of teachers experiencing mental health issues. This study aimed to identify procedures to address teachers and school administrators at risk from mental health problems. The study site was in Ubay, Bohol, which is the largest municipality, and was considered the locale of this study. The study utilized the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) tool. The assessment tool aimed to assess the different dimensions of personality that might affect mental health among identified respondents. This study showed that most of the re...

Marital life is a major pillar of social life in human beings as it comes from the family to establish family relationship and educate future generations. The present study seeks to investigate the role of emotional intelligence and marital adjustment in relation to the gender differences in married couples between nuclear and joint families. The study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and marital adjustment in married couples, using data from 120 participants and 60 heterosexual couples who have completed at least seven years of marriage from women and men. The participants were from Rajkot city of Gujarat. The tools use the emotional intelligence scale developed by Singh and Narayan, and the marital arrangement questionnaire by Kumar and Rohatgi were used for this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-tests, and correlation analysis. This study examined the relationship between family type and gender differences in some aspects related to...

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Patients engage in health information-seeking behaviour to maintain their wellbeing and to manage chronic diseases such as arthritis. Health literacy allows patients to understand available treatments and to critically appraise information they obtain from a wide range of sources. Aims. To explore how arthritis patients ’ health literacy affects engagement in arthritis-focused health information-seeking behaviour and the selection of sources of health information available through their informal social network. Methods. An exploratory, qualitative study consisting of one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Twenty participants with arthritis were recruited from community organizations. The interviews were designed to elicit participants ’ understanding about their arthritis and arthritis medication and to determine how the participants ’ health litera...

Introduction:This research identified a gap in understanding the lived experience of long-term disaster resilience (LTDR). Increasing disasters could influence more people. Therefore, understanding LTDR becomes imperative. Little research documents men and women’s reflections following disasters. Current research highlights survivors’ mental health, particularly clinical diagnoses like PTSD. Research remains limited on the social impacts long after disasters.Aim:Research aimed to identify a gendered perspective of the lived experience about what contributes to LTDR three years after Ash Wednesday in 1983, the Victorian floods in 1993 and 2010-11, and the 2009 Black Saturday fires.Methods:A comprehensive, systematized search was conducted of peer-reviewed, grey, and secondary literature for a narrative review and thematic analysis.Results:106 references were identified. After removing duplicates and papers not fitting the inclusion criteria, two papers met the criteria. However, two ...

IntroductionDuring the last decades, the recovery from severe mental illness has shifted from a focus on reducing symptoms to a more holistic approach of emphasizing consumer-centered goals and subjective wellness (Anthony, 1993). The implementation of this controversial new model it has not had an easy path. In that sense, Ridgway (2004, 2011) developed the Recovery Enhancing Environments (REE), an instrument to gather information on personal mental health recovery and the elements that people feel are important to their recovery; staff activities and an organizational climate that encourages resilience.ObjectiveTo present the preliminary results of the Spanish adaptation.MethodEnglish to Spanish translation of REE was carried out. The REE interview and Euro-Qol5d, HoNOS, EEAG and CGI scales were completed by 312 patients in Mental Health Services organization of Bizkaia (Spain), 189 men and 123 women (age = 48.89). The interviewers of the REE were service users trained and hired f...

IntroductionThere is an increasingly recognition of the concept of recovery in the treatment of mental illness. Recovery defined as living a fulfilling, rewarding life, even in the ongoing presence of a mental illness. Consequently, a number of instruments have been designed to assess recovery-oriented outcomes.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to conduct a systematic revision of the instruments used to assess recovery with appropriate psychometric properties.MethodA systematic review of the literature has been realized. The adequacy of the instruments utilization, the content validity and psychometrics properties were gathered and analyzed.Results/discussionAfter a systematic review, it has been obtained 25 different instruments for measuring personal recovery and 17 for assessing the orientation of recovery in mental health services. As a consequence of the lack of consensus that exists in the conceptualization of recovery; several instruments have been developed and used to...

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر بخشی درمانگری شناختی مبتنی بر فن خودگویی بر کاهش هراس اجتماعی انجام شد. به این منظور طی یک سال از بین مراجعان به مرکز مشاوره، 18 آزمودنی مبتلا به هراس اجتماعی که موافق شرکت در این نوع از درمان بوده و متعهد شرکت در تمام جلسات شدند انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند. گروه نمونه با استفاده از ابزار تشخیصی پرسشنامه هراس اجتماعی و ملاک های تشخیصی DSM-IV تعیین شده بودند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه هراس اجتماعی استفاده شد. تحلیل آماری داده ها نشان داد که درمان شناختی مبتنی بر فن خودگویی بر کاهش هراس اجتماعی موثر است.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has been reported to have psychological effects on various aspects of human life and segments of society. The study aimed to assess COVID-19 pandemic stress during and after lockdown among health sciences students at a private university in South-West, Nigeria. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional web-based research was conducted in a private teaching hospital of a private university using a simple random sampling technique. The study instrument was a self-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and questions adapted from the validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by Sheldon Cohen regarding lectures during and after COVID-19 lockdown. Data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 26 software. Results: A total of 220 respondents were included in the study, with a mean age of 22.08±2.996. Most of the respondents were females (157, 71.4%) in their 4th-year level (37%). The participants had a high level of stress during (46.8%) COVI...

Individual always prioritizes the achievement of psychological well-being, as well as adolescents who live in Islamic boarding schools also have their own challenges in achieving it. Self compassion is a factor affecting psychological well-being. Self compassion offers a way for individuals to be able to have kindness with their self, mindfull into their life and a sense of common to other individuals, and will see an obstacle in life to be their best friend. The researchers’ aim was to examine the effect of self-compassion on the psychological well-being of adolescents. This study used quantitative research design, with 200 youth as subjects living at the Salaf Islamic Boarding School in Singosari. Data collection used random sampling, using the Ryff Psychological Well Being Scale (RPWBS) (α = 0.869), the Self Compassion Scale (SCS) (α = 0.721). The correlation test technique to see the effect of the variables is linear regression test to test the effect of the two variables. The r...

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a percepção dos Agentes Comunitários em Unidades Básicas de Saúde quanto ao atendimento integral da população LGBT. O método utilizado para analisar as entrevistas foi o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Três discursos foram construídos relacionados a três ancoragens distintas que demonstram os seguintes resultados: 1. Minimização do problema, negação do preconceito e compreensão de barreiras como causadas pela própria população LGBT; 2. Negação da existência de barreiras ao acesso e qualidade; e 3. Reconhecimento da existência de preconceitos que funcionam como barreiras e da necessidade de melhor capacitação das equipes. A partir destes resultados foi possível inferir a negação do sexismo e das barreiras simbólicas, incompreensão do sentido de equidade, e o preconceito encarnado nas subjetividades destes profissionais, de forma semelhante ao que já foi encontrado em outros estudos envolvendo preconceitos e saúde, tais como de racismo institucional...

Background Physical activity is related to health-related quality of life, but little evidence from multiple waves of panel data in Asian countries area available. This study aims to explore the impacts of different degree of regular exercise on the trajectories of physical and mental dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for community-dwelling Taiwanese adults during 2006–2014. Methods Data were derived from the “Landseed Integrated Outreaching Neighborhood Screening (LIONS)” study, with 6182 adults enrolled at the baseline and subsequently followed up to three times till 2014. Linear mixed-effects modeling approach was employed to evaluate the growth curve models of HRQOL (with 16,281 observations) by linear & quadratic time effects, regular exercise (5-level moderate-intensity physical activity), and major influential factors of HRQOL. Results Regular exercise showed significantly positive dose-response effects on physical HRQOL (β =1.27~2.54), and regular exercise...

To present time, scientific knowledge about symptoms of common mental disorders and adverse health behaviours among professional soccer players is lacking. Consequently, the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance) and adverse health behaviours (adverse alcohol behaviour, smoking, adverse nutrition behaviour) among professional soccer players, and to explore their associations with potential stressors (severe injury, surgery, life events and career dissatisfaction). Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study among male professional players. Using validated questionnaires to assess symptoms of common mental disorders and adverse health behaviours as well as stressors, an electronic questionnaire was set up and distributed by players’ unions in 11 countries from three continents. Prevalence of symptoms of common mental disord...

Date Presented 04/22/2023 This scoping review examined the impact of COVID-19 on childhood occupations. This study will inform researchers and clinicians by providing an overview of current information available concerning the impacts of COVID-19 on childhood occupations. Primary Author and Speaker: Elizabeth Ann Benton Additional Authors and Speakers: Allison Peterka, Jaya Pitts, Brooke Trammell, Hope E. Williams, Sharon Cosper, Teal Benevides