Macroeconomics

This paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and its impact on economic growth in Australia. FDI inflows are considered to be a vital source of economic growth or development for any economy and it plays big role in growth in gross domestic product (GDP), improvement in infrastructure, employment creation, export and trade performance. This paper examines the relationship between FDI and economic growth of Australia through regression analysis between FDI and different measures of economic growth. The multiple regressions is used to derive conclusion on importance of FDI. The results highlight that FDI inflows contribute to the Australian economy including a growth in GDP, export performance and employment. Mining and quarrying has been identified as an attractive sector in which it has contributed to 7% of GDP, a large amount of capital has been invested and employed intensive labor. The result reflects absence of relationship between FDI and economic growth of Austr...

This paper examines the impact of General election result 2014 on national index. Influence of formation of Modi Government on Mood and sentiments of investors is studied. How the market behaved when UPA era came to an end after a decade. National index nifty is studied, and market mood 39 days before and after result declaration is taken, to know the volatility of the national index and its after affects.

Pembangunan merupakan hal yang perlu dilakukan negara agar dapat menciptakan kondisi bagi masyarakat untuk menikmati lingkungan kehidupan yang sehat dan umur panjang, hidup yang lebih produktif, dan standar hidup yang layak. Pembangunan manusia dapat dilihat melalui tingkat kualitas hidup manusia. Mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan manusia dilihat dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang diukur melalui kualitas Pendidikan, Kesehatan, dan Ekonomi. Melalui tolak ukur ini dapat menentukan tingkat kemampuan suatu provinsi atau wilayah dalam meningkatkan IPM tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah pada sektor pendidikan (X1), sektor Kesehatan (X2), dan pendapatan perkapita (X3) terhadap IPM (Y) secara parsial di Provinsi NTB dan mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah pada sektor pendidikan, sektor kesehatan, pendapatan perkapita terhadap IPM secara simultan di Provinsi NTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda...

The issue of whether stock prices and exchange rates are related or not has received considerable attention after the East Asian crisis. During the crisis the countries affected saw turmoil in both currency and stock markets. If stock prices and exchange rates are related and the causation runs from exchange rates to stock prices, then the crisis in the stock markets can be prevented by controlling the exchange rates. Moreover, developing countries can exploit such a link to attract/stimulate foreign portfolio investment in their own countries. Similarly, if the causation runs from stock prices to exchange rates then authorities can focus on domestic economic policies to stabilise the stock market. If the two markets/prices are related then investors can use this information to predict the behaviour of one market using the information on other market.1 Most of the empirical literature that has examined the stock prices-exchange rate relationship has focused on examining this relatio...

Using annual and quarterly labor market data from the US and France, we study the relationship between the extensive and intensive margins of labor adjustment, job polarization and non-standard work along the business cycle. We derive four stylized facts. First, changes in aggregate hours are mainly driven by fluctuations in per-capita employment rather than hours worked per worker. Second, recessionary drops observed in aggregate hours are, to a large extent, due to the disappearance of routine work. In the US, the fall in routine standard employment accounts for most of the decline in aggregate hours, whereas in France, routine jobs losses in both standard and non-standard work matter. Third, the dynamics of routine standard employment are driven by flows from and into unemployment in both countries. Fourth, the dynamics of routine non-standard work differ across countries. In the US, fluctuations in routine non-standard employment is driven by inflows from routine standard work, ...

This study examined the influence of financial literacy on financial decisions of micro finance institution clients in Embu County. Specifically, the study investigated on what influence financial technological literacy, financial investment literacy and financial literacy on sources of finance has on the financial decisions of the micro finance clients. The study targeted all Micro Finance Institutions in Embu County and the targeted population consisted of the clients in the twenty-five registered MFIs in the County but due to homogeneity selected forty respondents in eight MFIs which had a total of 2,168 members as of July 2012. A questionnaire was administered to the sample chosen for the study. The collected data by way of questionnaire was organized to answer set objectives in the study. Data was coded, tabulated in excel and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer program. The data was further analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency tab...

The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are be-ing circulated in a limited number of cop-ies only for purposes of soliciting com-ments and suggestions for further refine-ments. The studies under the Series are ...

Abstract: The term globalization generally means to integrate the economies of the world through unrepressed trade and financial flows through mutual exchange of technologies and knowledge. Globalization has played a major role in export-led growth that leads to enlargement of job markets in India. During 1990-91 Indian economy has experienced major policy change. The major economic reform known as Liberalization, Globalization and Privatization (LPG) aimed to make Indian economy a globally competitive and faster growing economy. Globalization has a tremendous impact on the overall economic development of almost all the sectors of the economy. This paper mainly focuses on the impact of India’s foreign trade and Indian economy.

Inflation is an increase in the price of an item that tends to be continous. This study aims to find out the effect of the money supply and interest rates on inflation in Indonesia for the period 2015-2020. The data in this study is secondary data obtained from the website while analysis data uses WarpPLS (Descriptive quantitative, outer model, inner model, hypothesis test). Based on the result of hypothesis testing with WarpPLS showed that the variable amount of money supply negatively and significanly on inflation indicated by the path coefficient value of -0,723 and pvalue 0,001. In variable interest rates have a positive and insignificant effect on inflation indicated by the path coefficient values 0,169 and pvalue 0,085. Related to the results of the analysis, this could be due to the fact that the policies and strategies implemented by the government were still in an ineffective condition to suppress existing inflation, so the government had to be more relevant in making polic...

The study examined the effects of corporate financing and risk management in the banking sector in East Africa during and Post Covid-19 tapping on evidence from the Kabale district in Uganda. It was guided by specific objectives, the effect of Bonds on risk management in the banking sector during and post COVID-19, the effect of treasury bills on risk management in the banking sector during and post COVID-19, and the effect of debt management on risk management in the banking sector during and post COVID-19. A descriptive research design was adopted in this research. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. The population of the study was 97 technical staff. Purposive and random sampling techniques were applied in the study. Data was collected from 78 staff of selected commercial banks in the Kabale district using a structured questionnaire. Both correlation and regression analysis were used. The study revealed that the board of directors set strategies on bond issua...

The International Monetary Fund is called a lender of a last resort for those countries who are in need of emergency bail outs. Countries faced bankruptcies as they exhausted all of their options hence the option left for them is to approach the IMF. The International Monetary Fund was originally founded on the idea of helping countries who were to finance their debts. This would have provided stability in the financial market, improve growth and reduce poverty. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of IMF policies on the economic health of the Pakistan. The results suggest that IMF programs have increased external debt to GDP ratio, which in return increased debt burden on the economy. IMF policies led to increase in taxes, which induce inflation and lower growth. The results further concluded that structural adjustment programs affected negatively to the domestic economy. Due to IMF, economy has to achieve stabilization, which leads decline in growth. The decline i...

In this paper we test the stationarity properties of the consumption− income ratio for a sample of 14 European Union countries over the period 1960− 1999 utilizing recent advances in panel unit root and asymmetric unit root tests. We find that a failure to take account of asymmetries, would imply I (1) consumption income ratio although unit root tests based on TAR models indicate stationarity in at least one regime. This result provides more evidence in relation to Sarantis and Stewart (Economics Letters, 1999) who found that the ...

Purpose: This study uses time series data ranging from 1981 to 2021 to analyze the impact of crop production on the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Nigerian economy. The study adopted ordinary least square techniques for the regression analysis. Approach/Methodology/Design: The variables of the study were subjected to unit root tests and were found to be stationary at first difference. Johansen co-integration was adopted and the result posits a short-run relation between the variables of interest (GDP, crop production (CP) as well as labor output (LO). Findings: The result from the error correction model shows that crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. This study also finds that labor productivity has a positive and significant impact on economic growth. The study concluded that crop production has a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria for the period under review.   Originality/value: The stud...

This study set out to analyze the impact of fish production on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Nigerian by using time series data ranging from 1981-2021. In the method, Solow version of Neo classical theory was used for theoretical framework. The study adopted ordinary least square techniques for the regression analysis. Aside the two main variables of this study which is fish production and GDP, some control variables was also used (Labour productivity and gross fixed capital formation) to control GDP. The main contribution of this study therefore lies in the result that shows that fish production and GFCF has positive and significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria while labour productivity has negative impact on the Nigeria economic growth. This means that labour productivity does not contribute to economic growth in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should encourage fish production in order to bring more inflow of funds which will help to...

This paper uses panel data to identify the determinants of health care expenditure in twelve Asian countries (i.e. Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) for the period of 1995-2008. The empirical results indicated that only two independent variables (GDPit and POP65it) have significant relationship with health care expenditure in these countries. These two variables are positively correlated with the amount of health care expenditure. In other words, when the countries’ income is larger, the amount of health care expenditure is larger. When the share of ageing population in the total population is higher, again the amount of health care expenditure is larger.

Investasi merupakan komponen PDB dari sisi permintaan yang relatif lebih sulit untuk diprediksi pergerakannya dibandingkan dengan komponen lainnya seperti konsumsi swasta, ekspor dan impor. Indikator-indikator yang tersedia seringkali memberikan informasi yang saling bertentangan sehingga menyulitkan untuk memprediksi bagaimana gerakan investasi di masa mendatang.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suatu leading indikator investasi yang merupakan komposit dari beberapa indikator atau variabel sehingga dapat meminimalkan kesulitan dalam memprediksi arah gerakan investasi. Selain itu, dengan adanya leading indikator investasi ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi para forecaster yang menggunakan model-model ekonomi dalam memprediksi bagaimana perekonomian ke depan.Dengan menggunakan metode OECD, didapat suatu leading indikator investasi Indonesia berjangka pendek yang kemampuan prediksinya antara 1,5 sampai dengan 4,5 bulan ke depan. Dengan diketahuinya turning point bai...

This paper derives the inflation equation to search for a possible transmission channel between the real interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rates, real output growth rate using a Bayesian VAR sign restriction approach. Our findings show that the real interest rate reacts negatively to inflation rate shocks and the Fisher effect holds in the long run. We show that strict inflation targeting approach is not compatible with significant real output growth. However a flexible inflation-targeting framework which attaches a large weight to the role of real effective exchange rates results in a significant real output growth given the Central Bank desire to accumulate more foreign exchange reserves and high oil price inflation. Thus real effective exchange rate measuring competitiveness against trading partners matters more than domestic currency and nominal effective exchange rate depreciations. JEL Classification: E31, E40, E52, E60

This study pragmatically investigated the influence of brand credibility in the configuration of customer patronage of table water firms in Rivers State of Nigeria. A causal design research and a mock-up were invented to take on board the two hypotheses of the study. The simple random technique was assumed and quantitative facts were engendered through a 5-point Likert-type scaled questionnaire. The study espoused descriptive statistics and simple regressions modus operandi to establish that brand credibility was functional in manipulating metrics of customer patronage. The results put forward that brand credibility has a very strong, significant and positive influences on store traffic flow; expertise has a strong, significant and positive influence on customer referrals. The study concludes that results of quantitative analysis depict that brand credibility programs espoused by the table water firms in Rivers State affect customer patronage. The implication for managers is that th...