Landscape Archaeology

The Canary Islands were settled ca. 1,800 years ago by Amazigh/Berber farming populations originating in North Africa. This historical event represents the last and westernmost expansion of the Mediterranean farming package in Antiquity, and investigating it yields information about crop dispersal along the periphery of the Mediterranean world around the turn of the first millennium ce. The current study focuses on archaeobotanical evidence recorded in a series of pre-Hispanic/Amazigh sites of the Canary Islands (ca. 2nd–15th centuries ce). It offers new, unpublished archaeobotanical findings and direct radiocarbon datings of plant remains from the different islands. The general goal is to gain a better grasp of how the first settlers of the Canary Islands adapted their farming activities to the different natural conditions of each island. The results suggest a shared crop ‘package’ throughout the islands since at least the 3rd–5th centuries ce. This set of plants was likely introdu...

Contents of potassium, uranium and thorium were measured in sixteen samples of stream sediments and in ten samples of dump material from the area around a small uranium deposit Zalesi near the town of Javornik using a laboratory gamma-ray spectrometer. All studied stream sediments show a low or moderately increased radioactivity (only 345 Bq.kg -1 as a maximum). In harmony with expectation the studied samples of dump material have increased radioactivity (970 Bq.kg -1 on average) due to high uranium contents (55 to 99 ppm eU).

Archaeological and instrumental data indicate that the southern sector of the volcanic island of Lipari has been subsiding for the last 2100 years due to isostatic and tectonic factors, at variable rates of up to ~11 mm a−1. Based on this data, a detailed marine flooding scenario for 2100 AD is provided for the bay of Marina Lunga in the eastern part of the island from (1) an ultra‐high‐resolution Digital Terrain and Marine Model (DTMM) generated from multibeam bathymetry (MB) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), (2) the rate of land subsidence from Global Positioning System (GPS) data and (3) the regional sea‐level projections of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). When land subsidence is considered, the upper bound of sea‐level rise is estimated at 1.36 m and 1.60 m for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios, respectively. Here, we show the expected impact of marine flooding at Lipari for the next 85 years and discuss the hazard implications for the population liv...

Abstract: Sámi cultural heritage is protected in Norway by the Cultural Heritage Act. A 1978 amendment to this Act provides automatic protection to all Sámi cultural heritage sites and buildings older than 100 years. Strong legal protec-tion has in a very positive and constructive way contributed to Sámi identity and cultural self-determination for more than 30 years. is article discusses the current level of protection and dierent scenarios for future management of Sámi cultural heritage sites and buildings. Background material includes e Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 3, 1/2012 p. 30–50. ISSN 1891-6252 unpredictable consequences of sámi self-determination 31 Norwegian National Sites and Monuments Record, relevant policy documents, and interviews with Sámi cultural heritage management and three Sámi munici-palities. Our results demonstrate that strong legislation for protection of Sámi cultural heritage, and thus in favour of Sámi cultural rights, can contribute to severe ...

Il presente studio tende ad esaminare le miniere e ferriere della vallata dello Stilaro e il processo siderurgico antico. Sino alla fine del XIX secolo, il territorio calabrese, in cui insistono i comuni di Bivongi, Pazzano, Stilo, Fabrizia, Mongiana, Guardavalle, costituiva uno dei piu importanti centri siderurgici e minerari dell’Italia meridionale. In varie epoche furono attive: tre fabbriche d’armi, trenta ferriere e due fonderie. In questi opifici venina lavorata la limonite, estratta dai giacimenti, ubicati nei monti: Stella, Mammicomito, Petracca e Consolino. Ai nostri giorni, sulla scorta di nuove conoscenze scaturite dallo studio di alcuni documenti d’archivio e da nuovi ritrovamenti archeologici, si sta delineando, sempre piu, la convinzione che le attivita metallurgiche, nell’area, possano ricondursi a tempi ben piu antichi.

The tsunami observations produced by the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Palu strike‐slip earthquake challenged the traditional basis underlying tsunami hazard assessments and early warning systems. We analyzed an extraordinary collection of 38 amateur and closed circuit television videos to show that the Palu tsunamis devastated widely separated coastal areas around Palu Bay within a few minutes after the mainshock and included wave periods shorter than 100 s missed by the local tide station. Although rupture models based on teleseismic and geodetic data predict up to 5‐m tsunami runups, they cannot explain the higher surveyed runups nor the tsunami waveforms reconstructed from video footage, suggesting either these underestimate actual seafloor deformation and/or that non‐tectonic sources were involved. Post‐tsunami coastline surveys combined with video evidence and modeled tsunami travel times suggest that submarine landslides contributed to tsunami generation. The video‐based observations ha...

No Capítulo I, intentou-se ilustrar o que foi a mineração desde a Pré-história à Época Romana. Procurou-se apurar o que as fontes clássicas e a epigrafia nos transmitiram sobre o assunto. Estudaram-se as características geológicas e mineralógicas de Tresminas e Jales. A concluir, referem-se os estudos científicos que foram realizados até à data. O Capítulo II versa sobre a tecnologia e logística romana utilizadas na exploração do local, dando-se especial destaque ao moinho de pilões, pela sua singularidade e por representar “tecnologia de ponta” nas explorações mineiras de Época Romana. O Capítulo III versa sobre a cultura material, que nos fornece, através da sua evolução, cronologias para as diversas etapas da exploração. No último capítulo procura-se enquadrar a exploração mineira de Tresminas e Jales no contexto sócioeconómico e político da conquista da Península Ibérica, explanando o papel das legiões na manutenção e vigilância das explorações mineiras; Abstrat: In Chapter I, h...

En el año 2013 se llevó a cabo una campaña de prospección arqueológica superficial en el término municipal de El Cuervo (Sevilla). Esta intervención arqueológica tenía en origen una finalidad científica y académica. Su objetivo fue la revisión sobre el terreno de trabajos de campo anteriores, junto a la posible documentación de nuevos yacimientos, de cara a la comprensión evolutiva del poblamiento humano desde la gran diacronía y los parámetros de la arqueología del territorio. En este artículo nos centraremos, no obstante, en presentar los datos y analizar la evolución del poblamiento romano y tardoantiguo.

Между социологией Сахары и цыганской урбанистикой. (Рец.: Вахштайн В. C. Воображая город: Введение в теорию концептуализации. М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2022. (Studia Urbanica). 576 c.). // Историческая география. Т. 6 / Отв. ред. И. Г. Коновалова. М.: Аквилон, 2022. С. 274–281. {https://doi.org/10.212667/AQUILO.2022.52.48.001}.

Many archaeological studies, especially those on obsidian artefacts and their origins, have been conducted in the western half of Iran. An exception is the province of Kurdistan as previous studies have mainly taken place in the surrounding provinces. However, the diversity of prehistoric cultures in the surrounding areas increases the importance of studying sites within the province of Kurdistan. In this paper, the results from studies of Late Chalcolithic obsidian artefacts from the site of Tepe Gheshlagh in eastern Kurdistan are reported. Geochemical studies of the obsidian show that they belong to the Nemrut Dag and Meydan Dag sources located north of Lake Van in eastern Turkey. These obsidians seem to have been exchanged through Mesopotamia by paths that connect the Zagros to Tepe Gheshlagh.

High resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) can now be produced for large areas of Australia. This paper will describe the method of producing DEMs and some of the applications. The change in technology which has made possible routine generation of height data for large areas, is soft photo-grammetry. In the past, the method of determining height was by matching points on two airphoto stereopairs. This was accomplished manually which made for a tedious and time consuming process. The advent of computer software that can match features on stereopairs has meant that DEMs can be created much more quickly. The procedure is to scan the diapositives of the air photographs with a geometrically accurate scanner at high resolution (15?30 microns). This will give a pixel size of 1.5 metres for a 1:50,000 scale photo. Internal and external distortion is then removed from the scanned images by internal, relative and absolute orientation procedures. The images are then resampled as epipolar ...

This essay argues that Andean mountains have not always embodied indigenous sovereignty as they do today. The lordly titles that mountains nowbear were, until the second half of the colonial period, held by ancestralmummies and living indigenous political authorities in a previousconfiguration of power. Case studies show how that earlier regime “returnedto the earth”, a development which eventually led to the rise of mountains assovereign entities. This essay explores the processes by which this complextransition occurred and emphasizes the insurrections of 1780-4, whichreplaced the earlier regime with a more democratic community-basedauthority, to which modern mountain lords correspond.

Escavações arqueológicas conduzidas no Cabeço Guião (Cartaxo) permitiram detectar um sítio da Idade do Ferro, cujos materiais e datações absolutas possibilitaram datar do século IV a.n.e. Um conjunto habitacional constituído por compartimentos de planta rectangular, com lareira central, foi identificado, tendo sido possível verificar duas fases construtivas. O espólio é numeroso, sendo constituído, maioritariamente, por cerâmicas, de mesa e de cozinha. O estudo destes materiais evidenciou a ligação profunda que o sítio manteve com Lisboa, mas também a existência de importações extra-regionais. Os metais integram elementos de adorno, artefactos de carpintaria e um espeto de carne. Os dois objectos de vidro correspondem a uma conta de colar e a um amphoriskos. A análise dos dados recuperados permite discutir não a evidente função agro-pastoril do sítio, mas as características deste tipo ocupação de âmbito rural.Archaeological excavations carried out in Cabeço Guião (Cartaxo) have reve...

No Capítulo I, intentou-se ilustrar o que foi a mineração desde a Pré-história à Época Romana. Procurou-se apurar o que as fontes clássicas e a epigrafia nos transmitiram sobre o assunto. Estudaram-se as características geológicas e mineralógicas de Tresminas e Jales. A concluir, referem-se os estudos científicos que foram realizados até à data. O Capítulo II versa sobre a tecnologia e logística romana utilizadas na exploração do local, dando-se especial destaque ao moinho de pilões, pela sua singularidade e por representar “tecnologia de ponta” nas explorações mineiras de Época Romana. O Capítulo III versa sobre a cultura material, que nos fornece, através da sua evolução, cronologias para as diversas etapas da exploração. No último capítulo procura-se enquadrar a exploração mineira de Tresminas e Jales no contexto sócioeconómico e político da conquista da Península Ibérica, explanando o papel das legiões na manutenção e vigilância das explorações mineiras; Abstrat: In Chapter I, h...

This paper discusses some methods for analyzing laboratory data on the ratio of 87Sr/86Sr, including the baseline method, the primary variability mapping methods, and their limitations. The baseline is the mean and two-sigma interval based on samples from the geological zone. The disadvantage of the method is the need to obtain a large sample and reject the variability study. The method of domain mapping is to plot the mean values for a zone on a color-coded map. The Voronoi map allows to limit the zones of different values and demonstrate the sample heterogeneity. Geostatistical interpolation methods calculate unknown values from known data due to spatial autocorrelation. Interpolated models tend to smooth out the data, masking inhomogeneity. Finally, machine learning is built on a random forest regression algorithm. The input is passed through each decision tree, and the output of all the trees is averaged.

The systematic archaeological survey was carried out around the
0-10 km radius of Mahalena cave site. Documentation of natural
resources available within the estimated radius. A few satellite
settlements or supportive settlements were identified within the
radius of Mahalena cave. The chief aim of this research is to
understand the suitability of the landscape and natural resources
available within the vicinity of this archaeological site. Mahalena
cave site was subjected to large-scale excavation for several
seasons by Sri Lankan and Indian archaeologists. A Few seasons of
detailed excavations have provided us with sufficient data to study
the resource exploitation pattern around the Mahalena cave. The
study of the resource exploitation pattern or site catchment study
is one of the important tools to reconstruct the economy of ancient
settlers of any particular region. Resources lying within the
economic range of individual archaeological sites support ancient
inhabitants for their day-to-day living. The current research will
be helpful in identifying suitable factors which lead the Prehistoric
and Early Historic inhabitants of the Mahalena cave to choose this
particular location for their settlement

Discovered in the mid 1990s, Karahan Tepe is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in a remote area of the Tektek Dağları (Tektek Mountains), situated some 37 kilometers (23 miles) east-southeast of the more well known site of Göbekli Tepe. Since 2019 excavations have revealed a series of installations dating from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period (circa 9600-8800 BCE) through till the end of the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period (circa 8200-8000 BCE). The author reports on the layout and potential functionality of three interconnected bedrock structures focusing on their cultic symbolism and potential usage.

The 2023 discovery of a fish fossil from lower Eocene strata of the Chuckanut Formation provides new insights into the paleoenvironment and paleoecology of one of the region’s most prolific fossil deposits. The detrital clastic fluvial and floodplain deposits of the Chuckanut Formation are not favorable for the preservation of fish, but the high quality of preservation of this specimen is evidence that some Chuckanut Formation sediments provide suitable depositional conditions for the preservation of skeletal remains. This information improves our understanding of the range of depositional environments within the Chuckanut Formation, and provides clues for searching for additional specimens. The discovery of this fossil has larger significance; the skeletal remains of fish are scarce in fluvial and floodplain deposits. Despite its incompleteness, dorsal fin and caudal fin ray anatomy suggest that the specimens represent the extinct genus Phareodus, an open-water carnivore that has p...

For many decades, wood silicification has been viewed as a relatively simple process of permineralization that occurs when silica dissolved in groundwater precipitates to fill vacant spaces within the porous tissue. The presence of specific silica minerals is commonly ascribed to diagenetic changes. The possibility of rapid silicification is inferred from evidence from modern hot springs. Extensive examination of silicified wood from worldwide localities spanning long geologic time suggests that these generalizations are not dependable. Instead, wood silicification may occur via multiple pathways, permineralization being relatively rare. Mineralization commonly involves silica precipitation in successive episodes, where changes in the geochemical environment cause various polymorphs to coexist in a single specimen. Diagenetic changes may later change the mineral composition, but for many specimens diagenesis is not the dominant process that controls mineral distribution. Rates of si...

In the 1840s and 1850s, agrarian improvement provided the dominant theme within public discussions of Exmoor, both in terms of the strategies required to deliver it, and as a moral imperative, to elevate the moor, its flora and fauna, and even its human inhabitants from their ‘uncivilised’ condition. These calls continued to be published in the 1860s and early 1870s, but they were soon overtaken by a new public narrative, which emphasized the value of Exmoor’s ‘wildness’, and which also depicted the encroachment of agriculture as a threat. Paradoxically, perhaps, in an age of mass publication and transport, it soon became evident that the publicity given to Exmoor’s unspoilt beauty was beginning to attract large numbers of middle-class tourists, who also threatened to extinguish the ‘wildness’ of Exmoor with their own brand of intrusive modernity.

Cross-border cooperation between institutions of higher education is one of the goals of modern education, an important component of didactic and research activities. Over the past 30 years, such an initiative has been implemented several times during archaeological practices for students of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University and «Ștefan cel Mare» University of Suceava. During this time, four student exchanges took place. The main practice bases in 1993 were the settlements of Chornivka in Ukraine and Târgu Frumos in Romania, in 1994 – the settlements of Revne and Siret, and in 2006 and 2007 – the Khotyn fortress and the settlement of Fetești – La Schit. The periods of joint practice lasted for 10 days, were related to the solution of certain organizational issues and allowed to realize a number of important educational goals.

In the regions where the cities of Lleida and Balaguer are located, if the aim is to ensure regular and sufficient agricultural production, it has always been very important to be able to irrigate the farmland. The Islamic era (8th-12th centuries) was the stage of our past in which a greater number of irrigation ditches were built. In the following pages we will be interested in the characteristics of the canalizations and the hortes or huertas that were created throughout these centuries, very often in relation to the main cities. Likewise, we will question the possible precedents of the irrigated spaces of the Andalusian period, establishing comparisons with what we can find in the vicinity of cities such as Girona, Elna or Barcelona. Finally, we will analyze the transformations that occurred in the canals and in the irrigated landscapes of the territory of Lleida.

Thyateria antik kentinin mirasçısı olan Akhisar’da 1932 yılında inşa edilmiş olan ve bir kısmı öğretmen evi olarak kullanılan iki katlı bir binanın restore edilerek 2012 yılında müze olarak ziyarete açılmasıyla o güne değin Manisa Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde korunan bir grup eser Akhisar Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde sergilenmeye başlamıştır. Bu eserler içerisinde Hellenistik Dönem’e ait bir grup seramik de yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Akhisar Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde sergilenmekte olan bu seramikler formlarına ve gruplarına göre incelenmiş, her ne kadar buluntu yerleri ile ilgili detaylı bilgi olmasa da bazılarının üretim merkezleriyle ilgili öneriler getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Müzedeki çalışmalarımız sonucunda saptanan Hellenistik Seramik grupları arasında siyah firnisli seramik, batı yamacı, kalıp yapımı kaseler ve lagynoslar yer almaktadır.