International Relations Theory

Dispute resolution mechanisms for a militarising Arctic in the context of an Arctic Council that has no security competencies to possibly intervene. After mapping issues out, and based on a small set of Asian scholars to whom I am grateful, I put forward an incipient legal-administrative suggestion, parallel to WTO best practices, so as to allow this evermore dangerous gap to be plugged.

The field religion and international relations (IR) has been established over the last twenty years within the discipline of IR. It marks a new (largely twenty-first century) set of interdisciplinary engagements, bringing together political science and the sociology of religion. “Religion and IR” and “religious studies” continue to conduct their business independently, in different conferences, journals, and book series, but their interests increasingly overlap. This enquiry interprets religion and IR as a “turn to the local.” This is displayed in its concern with events at the local level that have significance that travels up the scale of levels of analysis to events that have international significance. The turn to the local offers compelling arguments for shifting the focus in IR away from states and on to relations between local, national, and international actors. Engaging here with influential works in religion and IR published over the last fifteen years, I argue that it is ...

The G20 is a Group of 20 countries comprising 19 of the world’s largest economies, as well as the European Union (EU) and 01 Country as a permanent guest . The Nineteen countries are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom (UK), United States and, One County - Spain is invited as a permanent guest. The G20, formed in 1999, meets regularly to coordinate global policy on trade, health, climate, and other issues.  The G20 is not a permanent Institution with a headquarters, offices, or staff. Instead, its leadership rotates on an annual basis among its members, its decisions are made by consensus, and implementation of its agenda depends on the political will of the individual countries. India convened 18th  G20 Leaders' Summit for the first time at New Delhi on 9th and 10th September, 2023 chaired by the Indian Prime Minister. Narendra Modi committed to democracy and multilateralism, India's presidency is significant milestone as it seeks to find practical global solutions for the benefit of all and embody the idea of "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," or "the world is one family."

This paper is a response to the new book by Alexander Wendt (2015) entitled Quantum Mind. The paper commends Wendt on the book's contribution to our understanding, particularly of quantum mechanics, panpsychism, and externalism in the philosophy of mind. At the same time, it takes issue with Wendt's overall thesis, particularly as it relates to materialism, emergentism, and social structure.

Nordic governments frequently broadcast their ambition to do more together on the international stage. The five Nordic states (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway) also share many basic goals as foreign policy actors, including a steadfast and vocal commitment to safeguarding the ‘rules-based international order.’ Why then, do we not see more organized Nordic foreign policy collaboration, for example in the form of a joint ‘grand strategy’ on core foreign policy issues, or in relation to great powers and international organizations? In this article, we draw on Charles Tilly’s concept of ‘repertoires’ to address the discrepancy between ambitions and developments in Nordic foreign policy cooperation, highlighting how the bundles of policy instruments—repertoires—that each Nordic state has developed over time take on an identity-defining quality. We argue that the Nordic states have invested in and become attached to their foreign policy differences, niches, and ‘brands.’ On t...

While cyberspace has become central to all vital processes in the global economy and people’s social lives, it also carries a wide variety of risks. Framing these risks is no easy feat: Some lead to harm in cyberspace itself, while others lead to harm in the offline world as well. Moreover, sometimes harm is brought about intentionally, while at other times it may be the result of accidents. The “cyber harm model” brings these challenges together and provides an opportunity to get a comprehensive overview of the different types of incidents related to cyberspace. It also reveals where the biggest challenges for cyber crisis management lie, and it provides a typology of different types of cyber crises that may arise. Cyber-induced crises have characteristics that make them hard to grapple with, for instance the fact that they can be induced remotely and instantaneously at multiple locations. Moreover, cyber crises are not always easily traceable, and sometimes it is difficult to see ...

The roles of territory and borders in the genesis of conflicts have come under increased scrutiny in international relations and political geography over the past ten years. In this paper I want to focus on three intellectual trends that indicate a rapprochement between scholars in both fields over the “way forward” beyond a number of the previously more stereotyped positions concerning the persisting relevance of territory and borders to world politics. One of these is an increased resistance to and articulation of alternatives to a simple state-centrism. A second is an emphasis on the persistence/revival of geographical imaginations at work in world politics even as particular historic examples of these associated, for example, with specific geopolitical configurations (such as those of the 1 Ph.D. Geography, Ohio State University. 2 Department of Geography. Tabula Rasa. Bogotá Colombia, No.5: 85-98, julio-diciembre 2006 ISSN 1794-2489

CONTENTS.  1. THE CURRENT CRISIS IN SUDAN AND THE ROLE OF THE EMERGING ASSERTIVE POWERS BLOC (GERMANY, RUSSIA, TURKEY AND ISRAEL) 2. THE GEOPOLITICAL PURSUITS OF CHINA IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE EURASIA  3. STRENGTHS AND VULNERABILITIES OF THE EGYPTIAN ECONOMY 4. IRANIAN- ISRAELI RELATIONS:  LINGUISTIC REFLECTIONS IN LIGHT OF THE CURRENT CHALLENGES 5. THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE AND ITS EFFECTS ON  FOOD SECURITY IN EGYPT 6. ISRAEL'S DIPLOMATIC AND MILITARY OPTIONS AGAINST IRAN AND THEIR INTERNATIONAL IMPACT 7. THE NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF U.S. - ISRAEL RELATIONS 8. THE PROTESTS AND RIOTS IN IRAN. INTERNATIONAL IMPACT AND THE RISK OF REGIME COLLAPSE 9. THE RUSSO-UKRAINIAN AND RUSSO-JAPANESE WARS. MILITARY AND POLITICAL COMPARISONS. RUSSIAN DEFENSE MALFUNCTIONS AND GEOPOLITICAL REPERCUSSIONS 10. GEOPOLITICAL REFLECTIONS 2021-2022 11. MAJOR PERSONALITIES OF THE IRANIAN POLITICAL STAGE: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH 12. AFGHANISTAN AND IRAN IN FOCUS. THE OPENING OF THE FATAL BOX 13. THE APPROACHING MIDDLE EAST ARMAGEDDON AND THE VULNERABILITIES OF ANTIBALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEMS 14. THE LIBYAN IMBROGLIO 15. THE LIBYAN CRISIS. WORKING THOUGHTS REGARDING A VIABLE SETTLEMENT

Many fundamentalist religious movements have economic agenda. The movements emerge to reconstruct the economic system in accordance with the provisions of their respective religions. Therefore, we often hear Christian economics, Buddhist Socialism, Hindu economics, or Islamic economics. The main agenda of economic fundamentalist movements look different from conventional economics (Capitalism and Socialism). Every economic agenda that they propose has different philosophical characteristics and heritage and unique discourse. In this paper, author tries to elaborate Timur Kuran’s ideas, a pioneer of the school of critical alternatives in the tradition of Islamic economic thought, on future of Islamic economics Islam which is considered a manifestation of the economic doctrine of the fundamentalist Islamic group. Why is the future of Islamic economics addressed pessimistic by Kuran and what offer is given by Kuran to give response to Islamism’s Islamic economics are some questions tha...

This paper focuses on Foucault's concept of the Panopticon. The Panopticon since time immemorial has been used as a concept in order to control society. Since this is being used as a tool to control society, this then is considered to be a form of technology of which is being used by individuals who hold power

Whereas traditional institutions used to be seen as an international complement to a dominantly national paradigm, today's international institutions are an expression of political denationalization. The new international institutions are much more intrusive into national societies than the traditional ones. They increasingly contain supranational and transnational features and thus undermine the consensus principle of international cooperation. When society and political actors begin to comprehend this change, they begin to reflect on the features of a legitimate and effective political order beyond national borders. As a result, denationalization becomes reflexive and thus politicized. At the same time, the politicization of international politics harbours the potential for resistance to political denationalization, which increases the need – both from a normative and descriptive perspective – for the legitimation of such international institutions.

changed tremendously the political and security landscape here in the United States and around the world. The new Bush Administration emerged from the debacle of Election 2000 with a strong, often un-bending conviction in continuing on with the political decisions and priorities that were established under the leadership of President George Bush, national mandate or no. The new Bush administration presented a hard-line stance towards North Korea in early 2001, in-creasing tensions between the two nations, and making diplomatic ne-gotiations on the peninsula much more difficult for President Kim Dae-jung of South Korea. The most politically defining and utterly tragic events of the year (if not of the whole of American history), the terrorist attacks of Sep-tember 11 have changed U.S. priorities, tremendously increased the focus on terrorism on a global scale, and created a context for the United States in which policies and dialogues of security and coopera-

At the present day cultural diplomacy plays a rather important role in the development of international relations and world politics. This concept is receiving increasing attention from various countries, international and non-governmental organizations and other actors. This trend exists due to a number of reasons, such as the desire of states to create a positive image of their country, the expansion of international cooperation, changes in the global and domestic political situation, the protection of national interests, the prevention of conflicts between states, etc. Cultural diplomacy, beyond historical precedents, consists of a relatively new practice of a country’s foreign policy, which has traditionally focused on trade and security and defense issues. It is true that in European countries there are institutions of cultural foreign relations since the beginning of the century, but in the last decade the issues, related to the projection of the international image of countri...

This research paper delves into the disagreement of Muslims against Muslims that unfolded during the colonial period in British India, significantly focusing on the historical context of Sindh. The study applied historical modes of inquiry and secondary data and selected the phase with the British colonial presence in India. It uncovers illustrations where Muslims were found diverged along sectarian and politics through an extensive analysis of historical events and political movements, intricately meshed with the broader framework of British colonialism in India. Moreover, the study investigates the ramifications of Muslims within communities on the religious facet of that time. It explores the outcomes for cultural identity, communal harmony, and political solidarity, cracking the thorny entrapment of anxieties that appeared within Muslim communities. Discoursing the historiographical gaps and challenges associated with the study Intra-Muslims disagreement in colonial India, this research highlights the significance of understanding complexities to conceive a holistic and nuanced interpretation of the modern history of Sindh. In the end, the research offered a meticulous analysis of Muslims against Muslims, exploring the convoluted dynamics. By shedding light on this understudied aspect, the publication enhances understanding of the complexities inherent in Muslim societies within colonial contexts and underscores the need for further research and analysis.

Pemerintah Korea Selatan sangat serius dalam meningkatkan citra dan menjalin hubungan internasional melalui diplomasi publik dan kebijakan luar negeri "for a global Korea". Kebijakan tersebut meliputi program Korean Wave yang mendukung teknologi seni, industri, dan pariwisata. Industri K-Pop merupakan bagian penting dari Korean Wave dan perkembangannya tidak bisa dipisahkan dari peran pemerintah. Krisis moneter global yang terjadi membuat pemerintah melihat potensi budaya Korea sebagai sektor pendukung ekonomi. Pada tahun 1998-2000, pemerintah Korea Selatan, agensi, dan perusahaan mempromosikan budaya Korea ke negara-negara seperti China, Jepang, dan Taiwan. Hasilnya, pada akhir tahun 2000-an, K-Pop dikenal secara global. Pemerintah memanfaatkan kesuksesan ini sebagai soft power dalam politik luar negeri. Pemerintah di era Moon Jae-In sangat aktif dalam pengembangan dan promosi budaya Korea, termasuk festival K-Pop internasional dan platform promosi seperti Korea Creative ...

Pemerintah Korea Selatan sangat serius dalam meningkatkan citra dan menjalin hubungan internasional melalui diplomasi publik dan kebijakan luar negeri "for a global Korea". Kebijakan tersebut meliputi program Korean Wave yang mendukung teknologi seni, industri, dan pariwisata. Industri K-Pop merupakan bagian penting dari Korean Wave dan perkembangannya tidak bisa dipisahkan dari peran pemerintah. Krisis moneter global yang terjadi membuat pemerintah melihat potensi budaya Korea sebagai sektor pendukung ekonomi. Pada tahun 1998-2000, pemerintah Korea Selatan, agensi, dan perusahaan mempromosikan budaya Korea ke negara-negara seperti China, Jepang, dan Taiwan. Hasilnya, pada akhir tahun 2000-an, K-Pop dikenal secara global. Pemerintah memanfaatkan kesuksesan ini sebagai soft power dalam politik luar negeri. Pemerintah di era Moon Jae-In sangat aktif dalam pengembangan dan promosi budaya Korea, termasuk festival K-Pop internasional dan platform promosi seperti Korea Creative ...

É com enorme gosto que acedi sem hesitar ao convite do Professor Doutor Duarte Lynce de Faria para que escrevesse o Prefácio deste seu estudo monográfico fascinante. O estudo que prefacio resulta de uma série de interesses comuns de uma longa colaboração que tivemos num Mestrado que criei e para o qual o convidei como docente ilustre.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical framework – derived from the Herbert L.A. Hart’s philosophy of law – for the study of the phenomenon of habit and custom from the perspective of normativity. Its starting point is the Hart’s concept of “internal aspect of rules” (recognition of obligation) as a necessary criterion for the rule’s normative character (“external aspect” is a punishment or a reward). The internal aspect exists in two forms: the “recognition” based on specific rules (applicable to the legal systems), and “acceptance” (of already existing practice). The concept of acceptance reveals a difference between habit (merely collective practice) and custom , by capturing the normative character of the latter (as a collective practice that has been accepted as obligatory). The formation of the customs – by way of unprecedented punishment (sanction) of a rule’s violation – reveals the ambiguity of the term “sanction” as referring to not only the external aspect,...

This paper is organised in three interconnected parts. First, contemporary political economic approaches to understanding the structure of the global economic system are outlined and synthesised. Specifically, it is suggested that the current structural configuration of the globe is a transitional phase between the spatially-bounded configuration hypothesised by world-system theory and the configuration hypothesised by globalisation theorists. Second, the contemporary problem of environmental degradation is situated in a global structural context. Third, an outline and critique of Ulrich Beck's theory of the 'Risk Society' is presented to illustrate the increasing inadequacy of nation-state-centric theories in explaining the dynamic linkage between global capitalism and local environmental degradation.