Development Economics

The returns from crop cultivation are essential not only for the survival of farmers but also to facilitate reinvestment in agriculture. An attempt has been made to evaluate profitability in paddy production with respect to crop rotation. Primary data from 455 farmers through a multistage purposive sampling technique were used in the study. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test were used in the study. The study found that profitability in paddy production varies at moderate level with respect to crop rotation. In total farmers were getting anet profit of 5324 rupees per acre. But per acre profit of paddy varies significantly considering point of product sold by farmers and share cropping characteristics of the farmer. On average farmer selling paddy at mandi were getting 11388 rupees of profit per acre while farmer selling at local markets were getting per acre 3103 rupees of profit.

This article focuses on the relationship between employment protection legislation (EPL) and skillspecific unemployment risks. It is expected that this relationship is moderated by the level of technological progress, which is linked to the specific requirements of functional and numeric flexibility. The analysis is based on data from the Labour Force Survey from the year 2008. The results show that EPL is positively related to unemployment risks for all skill groups. However, for the mediumand highly skilled, the effects are moderated by the level of technological progress: the higher the share of employment in (medium-) high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services, the lower this relation will be. In countries with very large employment shares in both sectors, the relationship between EPL and unemployment can even be negative. One striking result of the analysis is that there is no robust relationship between EPL and the risk of long-term unemployment.

In order to realize the characteristics of STMIK YMI TEGAL as a place for the formation of independent Bachelors and Bachelors and to realize the Vision and Mission of STMIK YMI TEGAL in terms of Independence and Entrepreneurship, the Center for Entrepreneurship, Independence and Incubator Institute for Research and Community Service (LPPM) synergizes the LPPM Entrepreneurship Development Program with various parties, including: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) Tegal City. As a form of synergy, LPPM STMIK YMI TEGAL in collaboration with the National Madani Capital (PNM) held Product Packaging Design Training, in order to provide skills for the community through Tegal City SMEs

This paper attempts to juxtapose the relationship among judicial corruption, financial development and economic growth in Nigeria over the period of 1980 to 2016 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model and Granger-Causality Test. The former takes care of both long-run and short-run dynamic effects of judicial corruption and financial development as it affects economic growth while the latter captures the flow of causality among the variables. Therefore, the ARDL Bound test result reveals cointegration implying a long-run relationship among judicial corruption, financial development and economic growth. The short-run result shows that judicial corruption is negatively and significantly related to economic growth while ni the long-run, a positive but insignificant relationship exists. It also reveals that rule of law is positively and significantly related to economic growth in the short-run. However, the results of the Granger-causality test show that there is unidirectiona...

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of leadership style and career development on employee performance at CV Setia Kawan Medan. The data analysis method used in this study is a statistical analysis method using multiple linear regression equations. The research population is 45 employees who work in CV Setia Kawan. So the number of samples is the same as the population of 45 employees. Researchers tested the classical assumptions first before doing regression testing. The results showed that the calculated F value (8.907) was greater than the F table value (3.214), and sig.α (0.000a) was smaller than 5% alpha (0.05), so that leadership style and career development had a simultaneous effect. on employee performance at CV Setia Kawan Medan. Leadership style has an effect on employee performance at CV Setia Kawan Medan. Career development affects employee performance at CV Setia Kawan Medan. The influence of leadership style and career development on employee performan...

x x Further research is required about the populations and circumstances in which cash transfers are likely to be most effective for children’s learning outcomes, and the potential for their integration with other, non-cash related, supports. WHAT’S THE ROLE OF INCOME SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE? Income supplementation interventions provide cash transfers directly to the parents/families of young children, with the objective of improving learning and other outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the effect of 17 economic sectors on economic growth in the Lake Toba Region (KDT). The data used is secondary data in the form of times series from 2010 to 2019 with panel data analysis using Fixed Model Effect (FEM). It shows a positive and significant influence between mining, energy, information, finance, and health sectors on KDT economic growth, while the other 12 economic sectors have no significant effect. An increase of 1 percent in the mining sector will incline economic growth by 1.41 percent; the energy sector will promote economic growth by 0.48 percent; the information sector will increase economic growth by 0.81 percent; the financial sector will increase economic growth by 0.78 percent; and the health sector will enhance economic growth by 1.10 percent. The government should make policies related to production and investment enhancement so that the income of each economic sector and economic growth in KDT increases. Keywords: Economic growt...

This paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and its impact on economic growth in Australia. FDI inflows are considered to be a vital source of economic growth or development for any economy and it plays big role in growth in gross domestic product (GDP), improvement in infrastructure, employment creation, export and trade performance. This paper examines the relationship between FDI and economic growth of Australia through regression analysis between FDI and different measures of economic growth. The multiple regressions is used to derive conclusion on importance of FDI. The results highlight that FDI inflows contribute to the Australian economy including a growth in GDP, export performance and employment. Mining and quarrying has been identified as an attractive sector in which it has contributed to 7% of GDP, a large amount of capital has been invested and employed intensive labor. The result reflects absence of relationship between FDI and economic growth of Austr...

Several accounting scandals occurred around the world and in Indonesia in particular, showed the presence of individual auditors performing dysfunctional behavior that threatened audit quality. The study aimed to analyze the effect of professional commitment to auditor’s acceptance for dysfunctional audit behavior in audit process and to analyze the effect of workplace spirituality interaction with organizational commitment auditor’s of dysfunctional audit behavior. This study was conducted using a survey questionnaires distributed to auditors working for accounting firms in Indonesia. The analysis unit was junior auditors, senior/ supervisor, manager and partners. Structural equation model using Warp PLS program was used to analyze the data. The results showed that organizational commitment, affective organizational commitment, continuous organizational commitment, and normative organizational commitment had positive and significant influence on dysfunctional audit behavior. Workpl...

It is essential to escape from the ignorance that we have created, for this reason the Via indicated by Edgar Morin (2011) is assumed. A new civilization is needed to achieve a better quality of life. It is observed how the existence of man is promoted through entrepreneurs. If entrepreneurship is done with community awareness, destination, productive, cultural and communicative processes develop on planet Earth in a rooted way. From this perspective, entrepreneurship in Latin America, technological adaptation, cultural autopoiesis as a way of transforming social systems in contemporary societies is approached.

Resumo: A recente pandemia de COVID-19 levou muitos países a adotarem políticas emergenciais de transferência de renda como forma de conter a crise econômica e humanitária. Tais iniciativas foram desenvolvidas em um contexto de agudização das desigualdades de gênero, raça, etnia e classe em decorrência de medidas de isolamento físico e social. O artigo analisa, a partir de um estudo exploratório e da chamada avaliação baseada na teoria do programa, as premissas teóricas dos programas Bolsa Família (2003), Auxílio Emergencial (2020) e Auxílio Brasil (2021) e suas respectivas dinâmicas de implementação. Na medida em que os programas de transferência de renda ocupam lugar central na agenda pública contemporânea, conclui-se que a avaliação de limites e avanços, tanto em sua concepção teórica como em relação aos mecanismos disparados em cada contexto, contribui para revelar evidências sobre sua efetividade no enfrentamento das desigualdades duráveis e daquelas que surgem em cenários de e...

Pembangunan merupakan hal yang perlu dilakukan negara agar dapat menciptakan kondisi bagi masyarakat untuk menikmati lingkungan kehidupan yang sehat dan umur panjang, hidup yang lebih produktif, dan standar hidup yang layak. Pembangunan manusia dapat dilihat melalui tingkat kualitas hidup manusia. Mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan manusia dilihat dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang diukur melalui kualitas Pendidikan, Kesehatan, dan Ekonomi. Melalui tolak ukur ini dapat menentukan tingkat kemampuan suatu provinsi atau wilayah dalam meningkatkan IPM tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah pada sektor pendidikan (X1), sektor Kesehatan (X2), dan pendapatan perkapita (X3) terhadap IPM (Y) secara parsial di Provinsi NTB dan mengetahui pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah pada sektor pendidikan, sektor kesehatan, pendapatan perkapita terhadap IPM secara simultan di Provinsi NTB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda...

The advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has paved the way for the emergence of digital transportation service platforms worldwide. The emergence of this digital-based innovation in transportation service has triggered debates regarding its legal frameworks. However, digital transportation services have evolved vastly over time and significantly changed urban socio-economic life. The present paper aims to describe the evolution of digital transportation service platforms in Indonesia from the perspective of socio-technical transition developed by Frank Geels and his co-workers. The data used in the paper were obtained from interviews with various actors, field observations, reviews of relevant legal documents, and information from popular media. The results of this study reveal that the transition toward digital transportation services in Indonesia followed a dynamic path in which actors from the government levels, from business sectors as well from local an...

Hayatin her alanindaki geleneksel tarzlardaki degisimin bir sonucu olarak, cografya bircok baska bilim daliyla isbirligi icinde calismayi gerektiren bir sosyal bilim dali olmustur. Kadin nufusla ilgili sorunlar da, yirminci yuzyilin ikinci yarisindan itibaren bu bilim alaninin inceleme konulari arasina girmistir. Bu konu ile baglantili olarak kadinlarin sosyal konumlari, yasam kosullari, ozgurluk savasimlari ve kendi yasamlarini yonlendirme cabalari cografya biliminin ilgi alanlari arasindadir. Bunlar arasinda, gocun bir alt dali olarak kadin gocu de cografya calismalarinda giderek artan bir sekilde uzerinde durulan bir inceleme konusu olmaktadir. Bunda kadin cografyacilarin sayisindaki artisin onemli bir rolu olmustur. Sonuc olarak, kadin cografyasi ve kadin gocu gibi kavramlar, zaman icinde cografya calismalarinda ozgun bir yer edinmislerdir. Bu calisma, kadin cografyasi, kadin gocu ve bu gocun ortaya cikardigi sorunlar uzerine kuruludur.

This study examined the nexus between corruption, institutional quality and economic performance with the motivation to determine the extent to which economic performance is impeded by corruption and institutional quality in Nigeria. The autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) technique was employed to test the short-run and long-run relationship among the variables of interest. The data used for the analysis were obtained from the World Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin for the period 1970 to 2020. The study found that corruption has a negative and significant impact on economic performance in the long-run. In contrast, institutional quality was found to have a negative but insignificant effect on economic performance. This implies that despite the establishment of institutional structures and enactment of stringent laws to curb the menace of corruption, Nigeria still witnesses a decline in economic performance. As such, Nigeria has weak i...

„ This extensive study of history of taxation and theory of taxation has shown that a wealth tax can be an important component of a tax policy as it is proven that it points to a political concern and orientation towards a system of measures that should facilitate more equal outcomes of capitalism. It can boost a more efficient social policy and entails also a potential to correct the common trend of an increasing accumulation of wealth in the hands of the few.

A indústria do petróleo e gás, desenvolve uma actividade bastante complexa, que para chegar ao seu produto final, diversos riscos são gerados, dentre eles, riscos ambientais. O presente trabalho traz uma reflexão acerca da comunicação de riscos por meio de consultas públicas para a gestão de riscos ambientais, com particular enfoque para os projectos de petróleo e gás em Moçambique. O presente estudo foi realizado por meio de revisão da literatura existente sobre esta temática, e os resultados revelaram que as consultas públicas jogam um papel fundamental na gestão de riscos, uma vez que a comunicação de riscos, por meio de consultas públicas, é reforçada a participação pública nos processos de tomada de decisão, contribuindo na transparência dos processos e na recepcção aberta de opiniões públicas, aspectos fundamentais para a gestão de riscos através do envolvimento de todos os intervenientes. Mas para que as consultas públicas sejam eficazes, devem ser estruturadas para determina...

29,164,578 people are living in Nepal. Out of them, 48.96% are men and 51.04% are women. The growth rate of the population is 0.93% annually. However, 216,957 individuals had been abroad for employment, education or other reasons. It has developed an addiction to imported products using remittances. The government delays spending the money allotted for capital improvements. The debt incurred by loans received from donors exceeds between 20 trillion and 80 billion of Nepal’s entire yearly budget. Based on statistics from Nepal Rastra Bank fiscal years 2021/2022, export and import contributions to overall Nepal’s foreign commerce were 8.40% and 91.60%, respectively. Due to the burden of debt and increasing trade deficit in the Nepalese economy, it has greatly affected the livelihood of the people. The increase in the prices of goods has made the lives of ordinary and low-income citizens very difficult. To reduce it, it is necessary to increase the production of indigenous products and...

This study examined the influence of financial literacy on financial decisions of micro finance institution clients in Embu County. Specifically, the study investigated on what influence financial technological literacy, financial investment literacy and financial literacy on sources of finance has on the financial decisions of the micro finance clients. The study targeted all Micro Finance Institutions in Embu County and the targeted population consisted of the clients in the twenty-five registered MFIs in the County but due to homogeneity selected forty respondents in eight MFIs which had a total of 2,168 members as of July 2012. A questionnaire was administered to the sample chosen for the study. The collected data by way of questionnaire was organized to answer set objectives in the study. Data was coded, tabulated in excel and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer program. The data was further analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency tab...

Anak adalah seseorang yang berusia sebelum 18 tahun termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan dan belum menikah. Perlidungan anak terdapat 5 (lima) pilar yakni orangtua, keluarga , masyarakat, pemerintah derah dan negara. Menurut UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) kekerasan terhadap anak merupakan kekerasan yang pada dasaranya dapat dikelompokan menjadi empat, yaitu kekerasan fisik, psikologis, seksual, dan ekonomi. Penyebab terjadinya pun beragam, rumah yang seyogyanya sebagai tempat berlindung, menjadi tempat yang paling dekat yang dapat menyebabakan kekerasan. Di Kalimantan Utara masih cukup memprihatinkan terutama masalah kekerasan pada anak (perkawinan anak, eksploitasi seksual dan masalah pekerja anak.) Data yang telah di rilis oleh Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan perlindungan anak pengendalian penduduk dan Keluarga berencana (DP3APKB) Provinsi Kalimantan Utara telah mencatat di tahun 2022, yaitu: Terdapat 94 kasus kekerasan pada perempuan, Kekerasan pada anak 132 kasus, ...

Psychosocial interventions for infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have great potential, but there is a large and diverse range of techniques and procedures used within them, which poses challenges to evaluating and adapting them for scale-up. Our objective was to review psychosocial interventions conducted in LMICs to improve young children’s cognitive outcomes, and identify common techniques used across effective interventions. We systematically searched for relevant reviews using academic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed) and subject-specific databases (EPPI Centre, WHO Global Health Library, UNICEF Publications Database) for publications dated up to March 2021. Reviews of psychosocial interventions aimed at parents and children in LMICs, measuring child cognitive outcomes, were eligible. Study selection was performed in duplicate. Review characteristics and effectiveness data were extracted, with a proportion checked by a second revi...

s of all GIDR Working Papers are available on the Institute’s website. Working Paper No. 121 onwards can be downloaded from the site. All rights are reserved. This publication may be used with proper citation and due acknowledgement to the author(s) and the Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Ahmedabad. © Gujarat Institute of Development Research First Published July 2012 ISBN 81-89023-66-7 Price Rs. 45.00

The idea of microfinance has burst into the area of global poverty reduction. Many comments have been made about its benefits such as; it is an alternative tool for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Many studies have attempted to assess different facets of the impact of microfinance, especially trying to show its potential for greater financial inclusion and economic benefits using advanced rigorous quantitative approaches. Although some studies have evaluated this topic in the past there remains some significant gaps in the literature, including the impact of microfinance on other dimensions such as the social impact, education or environmental impact, the impact on happiness and subjective wellbeing of its clients has been hardly examined. This study aims to fill this gap by using rigorous quantitative methods with a rich qualitative dataset to assess the impact of microfinance on both economic and non-economic aspects, especially the happiness and psychological dim...

The looming water resources worldwide necessitate the development of water-saving technologies in rice production. An open greenhouse experiment was conducted on rice during the summer season of 2016 at Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, in order to study the influence of irrigation methods and nitrogen (N) inputs on water productivity, N economy, and grain yield of rice. Two irrigation methods, viz. conventional irrigation (CI) and "thin-shallow-moist-dry" irrigation (TSMDI), and three levels of nitrogen, viz. 0 kg N ha(N), 90 kg N ha(N), and 180 kg N ha(N), were examined with three replications. Study data indicated that no significant water by nitrogen interaction on grain yield, biomass, water productivity, N uptake, NUE, and fertilizer N balance was observed. Results revealed that TSMDI method showed significantly higher water productivity and irrigation water applications were reduced by 17.49% in TSMDI compared to CI. Thus, TSMDI enhanced root growth an...