Cyprus Studies

Panagia tis Kyras, one of the very
few churches that have survived
from the Early-Christian period in
Cyprus, is located near Sazlıköy/
Livadia (Trikomo). This church was
considered as an important religious
center throughout the ages due to
its healing water and the miraculous
mosaic icon of the Virgin Mary.
Every year, on September 8, the
panagyris of the Virgin Mary used to
be celebrated with the participation
of the surrounding Muslim people.
After the ethnic conflicts in the
1950s, the church lost its importance
and function and eventually
was abandoned. It suffered from
continuous decay, theft, and
violation during the post-war
period. A conservation project was
recently carried out by the Technical
Committee on Bi-communal
Cultural Heritage and the United
Nations Development Program.
The aim of this article is to draw
the attention of the general public
to Panagia tis Kyras as an important
monument for the history and
the religious life of Cyprus and to raise
awareness about the preservation of
cultural heritage and to contribute
to the process of building trust
between the two communities.

In March 2022, the Laboratory for Black Sea and Mediterranean Studies (Faculty of Political and Economic Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) and the School of Law of the University of Nicosia announced their new partnership for the operation of the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean Review (BSEMR). The BSEMR is an open access peer reviewed e-journal focusing on the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean (BSEM)and it is the first of this kind. It aims to publish and promote original research pertinent to the BSEM on a cross-section of disciplines, including politics and international relations, history, social and economic issues, energy, sustainable development, governance, culture, media and education.

There is a more or less accepted theory-or myth-among archaeologists and and scholars. This myth is about the "Hellenisation" and thus "civilization" of Cyprus during the last phase of the Late Cypriot Bronze Age. This "Hellenisation" was imposed on the island by immigrants from Greece who are supposed to have settled in Cyprus around 1200 B.C.E. However, some established and well-known archaeologists refrain from this myth and consider this narrative to include a number of 'factoids' or historical reconstructions based on the manipulation of data. One of the leading Greek-Cypriot archaeologists maintains that Greek-speaking people settled in Cyprus before the end of the Late Bronze Age. Her evidence is only one inscribed bronze spit from 11 th century B.C.E. which is engraved with five syllabic signs that form a Greek personal name. This single object has been presented as indisputable evidence for an Aegean colonization of Cyprus and for the political domination of the island by a Greek-speaking people. The underlying intention of these scholars, is the superiority of the incoming Greek-speaking migrants over the

Dans ce référentiel, nous présentons une compilation d'oeuvres synthétiques qui examinent divers aspects du tunisien de manière impartiale, offrant ainsi une perspective objective de cette langue. Ces oeuvres abordent plusieurs facettes du tunisien, notamment son orthographe et sa morphologie en script latin, sa sociolinguistique, son histoire, sa dialectologie, sa pragmatique et les applications de traitement automatique du langage naturel. Il convient de noter que les domaines de l'orthographe et de la morphologie en script arabe, de la sémantique et de la phonologie normalisée du tunisien ne sont pas inclus en raison de l'absence de travaux non biaisés dans ces domaines. On évoque que cette bibliographie est issue d'une discussion profonde de l'Association Derja de décembre 2016 à septembre 2023.

Rjabchikov, Sergei V., 2023. The Two Minoan Records of Amenhotep III. In: I.I. Ivanovskaya and M.V. Posnova (eds.) Fundamental'naya i prikladnaya nauka: Sostoyanie i tendentsii razvitiya. Sbornik statey XXXIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, sostoyavsheysya 26 sentyabrya 2023 g. v g. Petrozavodske. Petrozavodsk: International Center for Scientific Partnership “New Science”, pp. 107-118.

Abstract: In this work Sergei V. Rjabchikov has studied two inscriptions of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that were made with the help of the Minoan writing system during and before his visit to Crete. Besides, a Minoan text on the ivory and wine trade between Egypt and Crete has been translated. As a supplement, the translations of the texts of Linear A about the trade between Crete and Cyprus have been offered. The materials on the Minoan mythology have been examined. The author used the methods of structural and contrastive linguistics.

Keywords: Linear A, Linear B, Crete, Egypt, Cyprus, mythology, structural linguistics, contrastive linguistics, economics of the ancient world, history, Amenhotep III.

Аннотация: В данной работе автор исследовал две надписи фараона Аменхотепа III, которые были выполнены при помощи минойской системы письменности во время и перед его визитом на Крит. Кроме того, прочитан минойский текст о торговле слоновой костью и вином между Египтом и Критом. В качестве дополнения предложены переводы текстов линейного письма А о торговле между Критом и Кипром. Рассмотрены материалы по минойской мифологии. Автор применил методы структурной и контрастивной лингвистики.

Ключевые слова: линейное письмо А, линейное письмо Б, Крит, Египет, Кипр, мифология, структурная лингвистика, контрастивная лингвистика, экономика древнего мира, история, Аменхотеп III.

President Chrystodoulides has an uphill battle convincing the public they have not been duped by a slick election campaign to vote for his "independent candidacy"-after deserting his 10-year-old ruling DYSI Party-on the premise that he's a free-minded candidate and no longer aligned with Politicocracy (Kommatokratia). Disenchanted by the endless skulduggery and corruption of the previous government, citizens voted for the talented and aspiring younger president that offered them a glimmer of hope of a fair new society.

Insanlik tarihi kadar eski olan kolelik sistemi, Islâm dininin gelmesiyle birlikte yeni bir yapiya kavusmustur. Islâm dini bu uygulamayi, ortaya ciktigi donem ve cevrenin siyasi-sosyal sartlari geregi mutlak manada kaldirmamakla birlikte onlara daha insani muamele yapilmasi ve her firsatta hurriyetlerine kavusturulmasini tesvik etmistir. Osmanli Devleti’ndeki kolelik sistemi buyuk olcude Islâm hukuku hukumlerine gore sekillenmistir. Genellikle yedi-sekiz yil istihdam edilen koleler âzat edilmislerdir. Osmanli toplumunda “mukâtebe”, “tedbir” ve “itk” gibi farkli âzat sekilleri gorulur. Bunlar arasinda en yaygin olani ise herhangi bir maddi menfaat beklemeksizin tamamen Allah rizasi icin yapilan “itk” uygulamasi olmustur. Ayrica devletlerarasi antlasmalar yoluyla da kole ve cariyeler hurriyetlerine kavusmuslardir. Osmanli Devleti, kolelere yapilan muamele bakimindan muasiri devletler arasinda en iyi durumda bulunmustur. Âzat edilen kolelere barinabilecekleri ev ve gundelik hayatlarind...

The present paper is a contribution to the economic analysis of the exploitation of depleted natural resources and in particular hydrocarbons in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region. The methodological tools used are both the marginal economic analysis, the application of the Hotelling rule and the multi-criteria choice of exploitation of a natural resource with sensitivity analysis of the first and second optimal solution. The choice of natural resource used to be based on a single criterion, cost. Today, the multi-criteria method is followed, according to which many criteria are taken into account at the same time. The return on investment from the exploitation of a mineral resource in the wider Eastern Mediterranean region is obtained through multi-criteria selection and sensitivity analysis of the prevailing solution.

The European Late Iron Age (4th -1st centuries BCE) features intense trade networks and movements of people.
The settling in the Italian peninsula of transalpine human groups exemplifies the dynamism of this period. Preliminary
isotopic data (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) from a subset (N=49) of individuals from Seminario Vescovile (SV-Verona,
Italy 3rd -1st c. BCE) highlighted few nonlocals in this pre-Roman necropolis. Here, we expand our previous analyses
of SV, by means of a larger sample (N=127, i.e., ca. 70% of buried individuals) and the inclusion of additional isotopic
ratios, in order to provide a more solid estimate of territorial mobility, and of the possible links in this community between
provenance, sex, and funerary treatment. To this aim we analyzed the isotopic ratios of sulfur (δ34S; N=127 -
61 adults and 66 nonadults) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr; N=57: 51 adults and 6 nonadults) from respectively bone collagen
and dental enamel. We used as proxy of locally bioavailable δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr ranges two standard deviations
from the isotopic mean of archaeological faunal remains and modern plants, and checked for individuals falling outside
this range. We then explored differences between sexes and funerary features in δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr by means of
Mann-Whitney tests. Human δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr ratios average 5.7±1.7‰ V-CDT and 0.709756± 0.001430
respectively. Minimum estimates of nonlocals range from 3 (2.5%) for δ34S, to 8 (14%) based on 87Sr/86Sr. At least
in two cases, these show isotopic values suggesting an alpine/transalpine origin. Isotopic data do not show an association
with individual sex or funerary treatment. These new results call for a revision of previous estimates of mobility at
SV, and supports a link between this human group and both alpine and transalpine contexts.

The eastern Mediterranean offers a good case study for the examination of changes and continuities in Turkish foreign policy and geopolitical thinking more broadly. The question, then, would be: How has the strategic significance of the eastern Mediterranean changed, if at all, for Turkey since the Republic’s establishment, and why? To address this question, I first look at the importance and role of the eastern Mediterranean for
Turkey during the first years after its establishment (1923), the Cold War and the post-Cold War period, until the election of the AKP. The second section focuses on the period of AKP governance, and accounts not only for the changes in Turkish foreign policy but also for the transitions in the region’s balances of power. The general argument is that, despite some ideological and strategic fluctuations, the eastern Mediterranean during the twentieth century was seen as a key geopolitical space for the defence of Turkey’s borders, sovereignty and national security. In the twenty-first century, under the AKP, things have changed significantly. While the eastern Mediterranean remains important for Turkish national security, it has also become an area where Turkish foreign policy activism has
expanded and revisionist aspirations have been manifested, as well as a means for power projection further abroad.

Cinemas emerged as a new and genuine expression of culture at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1920s cinema buildings became important for developing city life and especially as a social public space for entertainment. The period of great success of cinemas was inevitably destined to fade with the arrival of TV. However, this period left behind interesting architectural heritage. On the other hand, the “box of dreams”, the cinema industry, is a suggestive media contributing in defining other aspects of popular culture in a period of hectic changes and progress. The scope of this paper aims to investigate this specific building type, cinemas, within the context of modern heritage value in northern Cyprus. The purpose is to raise awareness on significance of cinema buildings thus to foster their protection and enhancement. The study also aims to investigate the historical relation of these buildings to their environments and neighborhoods as well as their transformed current ...

From December 1963 to August 1974, Cyprus was gripped by on-and-off again political violence, involving Greek Cypriot, Turkish Cypriot, and Greek and Turkish forces, which led to many casualties and the forced geographical separation (i.e. partition) of the population owing to ethnic-cleansing. The mass violence is usually classified as an example of post-British/post-imperial violence and partition, with the replacement of the British by the Americans from 1964, thus it has also been seen through the prism of the Cold War. This paper builds on this research by adding an additional dimension, by viewing these events as also being an example of late post-Ottoman mass violence. It starts by focussing on the British colonial period to establish the post-Ottoman characteristics that evolved, before showing how many of these lingered and were at the heart of the mass violence from 1963-1974.

In this thesis, I present 49 LRA1 samples (see Table 4) from three production centers on the south coast of Cyprus (Amathus, Nea Paphos, Zygi-Petrini) and four importing sites in the southern Levant (Ashkelon, Caesarea Maritima, Sepphoris, Iraq al-Amir). I conducted
petrographic analyses on these samples, along with 29 sediment samples from the producing sites’ hinterlands, to generate high-resolution reconstructions of exchange patterns, including potential trade routes connecting LRA1 exporters and importers. These analyses revealed that the LRA1 amphora was produced along the Carmel Coast; Anatolian, particularly Cilician, producers commanded the largest market share of LRA1s consumed in Palaestina Prima; and that the LRA1 distribution network seemingly revolved around regional-local maritime trade spheres.

In this paper, I attempt to shed more light on the Spanish policy of expulsions on the example of Polish evaders from France in the Catalan province of Gerona. I analyze the files, preserved in the archives of the Spanish provincial authorities in Girona, of over 70 Polish individuals who had penetrated the Spanish territory from France between 1940 and 1944. Once detained by the Spanish authorities, they were threatened with expulsion back to where they came from. This micro-historical study allows us to observe in detail the decision-making process and the reasoning behind the Spanish expulsion orders. Applying both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis, I verify whether individuals’ traits, such as gender, age, religion, etc., had an impact on the Spanish authorities’ resolutions and what other factors could impact the carrying out of expulsions. I further nuance the results of the analysis with relevant information found in other French and Spanish archives. I argue that expulsions to France were not a measure very frequently used by the Spanish government to get rid of wartime refugees.

In the heart of the Middle East lies a region that has been shaped by centuries of conflict, diplomacy, and cultural exchange.[1] The Syrian-Turkish border region is one of the most complex and dynamic areas in the world, and a key player in the geopolitics of the region.[2] The recent earthquakes have impacted the lives of millions of people, with entire cities destroyed, in what seemed an apocalyptic scene. But these earthquakes also appear to have reshuffled the balance of power in the Middle East, which will likely lead to a drastic change of dynamics in the not-too-distant future.

Cette étude se concentre sur les lettres de Sergueï Vladimirovitch Tukholka, le consul russe à Prizren, à Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha, l'inspecteur de Roumélie, datées des 8, 14 et 15 juin 1903. Le principal sujet abordé est le programme de réforme de Vienne et la relation entre le changement - ou la diversification - des critères pour devenir fonctionnaire dans l'Empire ottoman et la politique balkanique de la Russie. La méthode de l'étude est l'étude de cas et la source principale est les archives ottomanes. Dans le récit du contexte historique, les journaux nommés 'La Revue diplomatique', 'Le Moniteur des consulats et du commerce international' ou 'L'Écho de Jarnac' -et des journaux similaires- ont été utilisés. Les informations sur le Consul Tukholka ont été vérifiées dans l'Annuaire diplomatique de l'Empire de Russie. Le programme de réforme de Vienne (21 février 1903), dont l'axe principal était la restructuration de la gendarmerie, s'inscrivait dans la continuité de l'accord de 1897 signé par la Russie et l'Autriche-Hongrie pour préserver le statu quo en Macédoine, et prévoyait d'inclure les sujets chrétiens dans les services de sécurité ottomans - en tant qu'officiers. Les informations sur le Consul Tukholka ont été vérifiées dans l'Annuaire diplomatique de l'Empire de Russie. Le programme de réforme de Vienne (21 février 1903), dont l'axe principal était la restructuration de la gendarmerie, s'inscrivait dans la continuité de l'accord de 1897 signé par la Russie et l'Autriche-Hongrie pour préserver le statu quo en Macédoine, et prévoyait d'inclure les sujets chrétiens dans les services de sécurité ottomans - en tant qu'officiers. Dans un climat politique où les Britanniques discutent d'une Macédoine autonome, cette concession est considérée comme raisonnable par la Porte. La Principauté de Bulgarie, qui célèbre déjà sa vingt-cinquième année d'autonomie, a annexé la Roumélie orientale et réduit considérablement le territoire européen de l'Empire ottoman. Par conséquent, la Porte a rapidement accepté la réforme, qui était initialement considérée comme une violation de la souveraineté, et l'a annoncée par une directive. La directive stipulait que les chrétiens turcophones (alphabétisés) des sujets ottomans pouvaient être employés dans les unités de sécurité telles que la gendarmerie, la police et les gardes de village, et le nombre d'employés et leurs droits de promotion étaient expliqués. Il a également été promis que les affaires judiciaires en cours seraient conclues rapidement et que les recettes fiscales seraient utilisées principalement pour les besoins de l'administration locale. Le réflexe ottoman de préserver sa domination sur les territoires européens, bien qu'indirectement, a légitimé les activités de recrutement de la Russie dans la bureaucratie ottomane. Dans les lettres analysées, Tukholka exprimait ses opinions et ses demandes à Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha sur des questions telles que la nomination de Georges Peternogvitch comme membre du tribunal de Prizren, un meilleur traitement des enfants chrétiens étudiant au Mekteb-i Sultani (Lycée de Galatasaray), et une pension pour la famille du gendarme chrétien Hristo, qui a été tué par Ali Aga Zerze à Tetovo. La déclaration de Tukholka selon laquelle “On ne peut pas faire confiance aux sujets non-musulmans” est particulièrement remarquable.

Mots-clés : Tukholka, Prizren, l'Europe ottomane, le programme de réforme de Vienne.

This study aims to sketch out the human capital and population structure of Cyprus, in the first half of the nineteenth century and analyse it in a histori-cal demographic context. For this practice, the level of “quantitative literacy”, which is accepted as a proxy variable of human capital, is used. The existing academic literature indicates that people of different religious affiliations were socially intermingled, and they possessed a common social structure on the Island. Relying on the assumption that social interaction between people of different religions would ultimately end up with convergence in human capi-tal; our article aims to test the mentioned argument in the literature within the framework of human capital using numerical sources and methodology. For this purpose, our study uses the “age heaping” method and “ABCC index” which has been widely used in economic history literature. As for numerical sources, we extracted the dataset from the “Population Register of Lefkoşa” which was held by the government of the time in 1843. The census includes the individuals’ names (of both Muslim and Christian separately), their repu-tation, physical characteristics, ages, occupations, and the number of sons in Lefkoşa. Our numerical analysis shows that there was no significant gap be-tween Muslims and non-Muslims in terms of human capital. This verifies the idea that social homogeneity between different groups had already been achieved in Cyprus before British sovereignty.

Problem Statement: The island of Cyprus, due to its strategic location, was under the influence of many conquerors throughout the centuries. Cultural traces of these captors have survived to the present day. This long, turbulent history has had a profound effect on the Cypriot educational system, with the most recent influence being the impact of the British Administration during the 19th and 20th centuries. Purpose of Study: This article attempts to reveal the influence and consequences of British Colonial policies on education, focussing on curriculum and its aims in the 20th century. The emphasis is more on the opinion of the recipients of education concerning their experience with the education system and their perception of its success or failure rather than on the aims and goals as set by the administrators and educators. Methods: This study encompasses a qualitative research approach to gain in-depth data based on interviews of Turkish-Cypriots and GreekCypriots of different ...

Regarded as the most important component in planning transportation in cities, the concept of accessibility is gaining importance day by day. In the global population, about 15% are people with disabilities, the majority of whom are imprisoned within their homes and do not have an active social life due to the problems of transportation and accessibility resulting from uncontrolled development of cities. An under-standing of spatial and temporal challenges faced by people with disabilities may serve to guide local administrators and urban planners in creating accessible urban settings. This study was conducted to determine behavioral trends of people with disabilities living in cities through-out Turkey. A total of 1050 questionnaires were distributed and analyzed revealing the most used urban areas by the participants in their daily lives according to gender, age, occupation, and disability type. Disability type and the profes-sion of the people with disabilities were exam-ined in view of time and space in the study. This will assist local administrators and city planners in carrying out planning urban facilities.

The Defensive System of Zadar is part of a serial property that was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "The Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar".
Built in the Renaissance and recognized as a cultural property of outstanding universal value, the city’s fortification system stands out among the numerous cultural and historic monuments of Zadar.
This concise brochure presents a brief history of the building of the bastioned city walls, its main elements, and the Forte fortress. The publishers are the Tourist Board and the City of Zadar, and it is available to all visitors at the city's tourist offices.

16 Agustos 1960 tarihinde Turkiye, Yunanistan ve Ingiltere’nin garantorlugunde Kibris Turkleri ile Kibris Rumlari tarafindan kurulan Kibris Cumhuriyeti maalesef uzun omurlu olmaz ve Rumlarin Akritas Plani adini verdikleri bir plan cercevesinde adada yasayan butun Kibrisli Turkleri ortadan kaldirmaya yonelik bir girisim sonrasinda Kibris Cumhuriyeti devleti de 21 Aralik 1963 tarihinde ortadan kalkar. Tarihe Kanli Noel olarak gecen bu gunun ardindan Rum saldirilari devam ederken Kibris Turkleri de daha guvenli bolgelere kacmaya baslar ve varliklarini ve hakliliklarini dunyaya duyurabilmek amaciyla once Lefkosa’da Bayrak Radyosu’nu cok zor ve ilkel sartlarda kurmayi basarirlar. Adadaki bu radyoya ilaveten acilan bir digeri ise Turkiye’nin denizde Kibris’a en yakin noktasi olan Anamur’da acilir ve boylece propaganda faaliyetleri yurutulurken Rumlarin radyo yayinlarini takip ve kontrolu de imkansiz bir hale getirilir. Bu calisma kapsaminda Kibrisli Turklerin 1963-1974 surecinde verdikler...

For the decade up to 2020, the Republic of Cyprus opened a route to naturalisation and citizenship by investment for non-nationals who wanted access to the EU - many of them wealthy Russians who had profited from the post-Soviet era. The magnitude of the phenomenon is staggering. Thousands of Russian, Chinese, and other investors became Cypriots by buying properties - and therefore passports - on the island. The 'EU passport' became the country's major export, and the city of Limassol changed dramatically to accommodate the skyscrapers ('passport towers') built on the seafront.

This book shows how a national passport becomes a global commodity, and unpacks the complex implications on the ground and in the EU. It interrogates the golden passports' right of money (jus pecuniae), which complicates existing citizenship structures associated with ancestry and territory. Examining the mobility of international elites, the ethnography contributes an original angle to migration studies, as golden passports suggest that citizenship has become a tool for the mobility of the rich. Through close engagement with the situation in Cyprus, Passport island shows how the global market for passports is tied up with economic crises, migration, property, inequality, and European politics. The book argues that the commodification of citizenship represents a new form of offshoring by other means.

Αποφάσισα να ασχοληθώ με το κομμάτι Ποίηση και Μουσική και συγκεκριμένα με το σύγχρονο
Κυπριακό ραπ(rap) που πρωτοακούστηκε το 2006 στην Κύπρο ενώ τα πρώτα δημοφιλές Κυπριακά ραπ
δημοσιεύτηκαν μετά το 2010. Συγκεκριμένα μετά από έρευνα που έχω κάνει κατέληξα στο κομμάτι
‘‘θυμούμαι(Πάμε πίσω)’’ του Julio Κομπολόι που δημοσιεύτηκε το 2014 στο άλμπουμ τραγουδιών του
ξύπνα τζαί (και) άκου.