Classical philology

Paper presented at XXXII International Colloquium of the "Studienkreis 'Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft'" (SGdS) - Vila Real, Auditórios B0.01 & B0.02 Complexo Laboratorial, 6-9 September 2023
Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)
Centro de Estudos em Letras (CEL)

This is the introductory chapter to my Section on Plato’s Early group of dialogues.  It builds on Section I’s keys to understanding his dialogues and begins to evidence my holistic understanding and ordering of all the dialogues (viz. that they compose a whole of three parts, each divided into three parts), which is itself based on the programme of teaching and learning they themselves teach.  To this end, S.II.1 first outlines my general approach to Plato’s dialogues.  It then introduces the Early group, its members, method, common pattern and features, and three methods of teaching its three groups of character (its three subgroups).  The next chapters to be posted in this Section will then examine each dialogue in each of the three Early dialogue subgroups.

The reign of Psamtik I (664-610 BC), who re-unified Egypt under himself after years of fragmentation while still nominally an Assyrian vassal, marked a fundamental shift in the political and ideological landscape of Egypt. However, the relationship between Psamtik’s Egypt and Assyria is far from clear. Ashurbanipal’s statement, in the last redaction of his prism inscriptions, that Psamtik “had cast off the yoke of my lordly majesty” (Prism A, ii. 115 – Novotny and Jeffers 2018, 238) has generally been taken at face-value by the Egyptological community, and has formed an interpretive lens through which other datasets are analysed. However, the transmissional and semantic context of this statement itself has for the most part gone un-noticed. Therefore, as part of my ongoing PhD research, this paper places the Assyrian phrase within the wider material, political-historical, and textual context of early-mid seventh century BC Near Eastern politics and ideology – and particularly the Egyptian material. In doing so, the paper provides a more systematic interpretation of the relationship between historical fact and royal ideology in Ashurbanipal’s statement, and suggests a new approach to explaining Egyptian-Assyrian relationships during the reign of Psamtik I.

My paper focuses on the influence of an important descent-into-hell narratives of classical literature, the catabasis of Orpheus on Dante's journey through the other world. Dante, in his own confession, is familiar with the Ovidian myth of the Thracian poet, but he is undoubtedly influenced also by other elaborations and interpretations of the myth. One of the aims of this work is to present and explore these sources. The special feature of Orpheus is that he is both poet and traveller of the underworld, and in this quality he turns out an unique Greek-Roman mythological antecedent of Dante. The other purpose of my analysis is to examine Dante's attitude with the comparison of Dante's texts and their possible sources, while taking into consideration the 14th century commentaries to Dante which shed light to the intellectual horizon of the contemporary reader.

Nos últimos anos intensificaram-se as pesquisas no campo da educação, em especial no que diz respeito a situação de fracasso escolar. Partindo deste cenário a pesquisa buscou compreender e estabelecer relações dentro da perspectiva do zelador, entre instituição escolar, a situação de fracasso, os micropoderes e a relação com o saber; procurando apontar quais ações do zelador podem contribuir para a formação da subjetividade. O estudo pautará as hipóteses em dois autores base: Michel Foucault (1999) e Bernard Charlot (2000). Os resultados apontam para a figura do zelador e para o fenômeno da normalização na constituição das subjetividades dos sujeitos que frequentam a escola, além de evidenciar também algumas práticas deste profissional que podem auxiliar na superação das situações de fracasso.

The Coptic book list P. Fay. Copt. 44 preserves two Greek loanwords, ⲥϯⲥⲓ (στίζειν) and ⲡⲉⲧⲁⲗⲟⲛ (πέταλον), whose exact meaning has been debated since the publication of the papyrus. The paper argues that the two terms may refer to the decoration of the bookbinding.

Στη μετά-κορωναϊό εποχή, η καθημερινή ζωή των νέων έχει αλλάξει σε μεγάλο βαθμό, καθώς όλο και περισσότερα παιδιά εκτίθενται σε όλο και λιγότερο οικογενειακά ή κοινωνικά περιβάλλοντα που προσφέρουν συναισθηματική και κοινωνική ενίσχυση. Το φαινόμενο αυτό γίνεται έκδηλο σε μεγάλο βαθμό στον χώρο της εκπαίδευσης, που αποτελεί τον καθρέπτη της κοινωνίας. Πολλοί μαθητές εμφανίζουν συναισθηματικές και συμπεριφορικές δυσκολίες στις σχέσεις τους με τους εκπαιδευτικούς στη διδακτική πράξη, στους κόλπους της εκπαιδευτικής κοινότητας. Αρκετές έρευνες, που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί στις ΗΠΑ, την Αυστραλία και σε ευρωπαϊκά κράτη, δείχνουν τη ση¬μαντική συμβολή της Κοινωνικής και Συναισθηματικής Μάθησης (ΚΣΜ), στο πλαίσιο της διαχείρισης της μαθητικής συμπεριφοράς στη σχολική τάξη. Στόχος της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση των δεξιοτήτων που καλούνται να αναπτύξουν οι εκπαι¬δευτικοί, με γνώμονα τη ΚΣΜ, προκειμένου να αναπτύξουν τις κοινωνικές και συναι¬σθηματικές δεξιότητες των μαθητών/τριών, συμβάλλοντας συγχρόνως στην αποτελε¬σματική διαχείριση της συμπεριφοράς των μαθητών/τριών και τη συναισθηματική υγεία τους.

Λέξεις-Κλειδιά: ΚΣΜ, δεξιότητες, διαχείριση μαθητικής συμπεριφοράς, μετά-κορω-ναϊό εποχή.

Abstract
In the post-coronavirus era, young peoples’ lives have changed to a certain extent, because more and more children come into contact with less familiar, social environ-ments which offer sentimental and social enhancement. This phenomenon is extremely evident in the field of education, which is the mirror of society. Many students exhibit sentimental and social difficulties in their relationships with teachers during their educational process, in the bosom of the educational community. Research conducted in the USA, Australia and Europe reveal a considerable contribution of Social and Sentimental Learning to the management of students’ behavior in the classroom. The aim of this study is, to probe which skills educators should develop within Social and Sentimental Learning (SEL), in order to enhance their students’ social and sentimental skills, while simultaneously contributing to the effective management of students’ behavior as well as their sentimental health.

Key-words: SEL, teachers’ skills, management of students’ behavior, classroom, post-coronavirus era.

The paper examines one chapter from the end of Tacitus' Histories III (84), which gives an account of the events in Rome on December 20, AD 69 and concentrates, firstly, on the Vitellian soldiers' hopeless resistance against the Flavian army and, secondly, on Emperor Vitellius' pathetic death. The paper's particular focus is on Greek and Roman texts (Euripides' Hecuba, Sallust's Catiline, and especially Vergil's Aeneid) which Tacitus seems to evoke and allude to in his own narrative. Since most of these intertextual references relate to the sacking of Troy, the reader is invited to associate what happened in Rome during the last stage of the Civil War of AD 68/69 with the Trojan War and its aftermath.

Poems 7 and 8 from Book II of Ovid’s Amores appear to form an inseparable whole and have so been taken by Ovidian scholarship. However, studies pertaining to the relations between both texts and to the internal structure of each one of them have in general been limited to thematic approaches. In this article, we intend to re-examine their structure and relationship by focussing on Ovid’s use of vocabulary to craft such a complex and harmonious composition. Keywords: Ovid; Amores II.7 and II.8; vocabulary; structure; puns.

Artificial molecular assemblies to modify photosynthesis have been a dreamy target for many scientists. Clay mineral can be a candidate for molecular assembly system to make effective photoelectrontransfer reaction-a basic process of the photpsynthesis. The remarkable characteristics of clay minerals for the photoelectrontransfer can be classified as follows; 1) molecular aggregation in an antiparallel fashion, 2) high polarity to stabilize polar intermediates in photoinduced charge separated state and 3) applicability to many kinds of molecules by adjusting the basal spacing. The layered crystalline structure of clays can also work as a backbone building block in multilayered supramolecular systems.

A workshop on storytelling across time and languages,
Uppsala, Wednesday 4 October, 2023, 9-3042 and in Zoom.

With this workshop we wish to address methodological issues related to the study of stories that have come down to us in multiple versions and multiple langauges, travelling through time and space from antiquity onwards. How can we better understand the workings of such processes of transmission, translation, and adaptation? How can we, based on the often rather scarce evidence, get closer to the contexts in which these stories were told, to their authors and audience? Our focus will be in particular on so-called wisdom literature, which we will approach through two examples. First, a collection of stories related to a character known in Byzantine Greek as Syntipas the Philosopher, immensely popular in both the Eastern and the Western medieval traditions. Probably of Indian origin, it has been transmitted in over 30 languages and with various titles, such as Sindbād-nameh (Persian), The Seven Viziers (Arabic), Mishle Sendabar (Hebrew), and The Seven Sages of Rome (Latin). Its frame story contains many embedded stories told by women as well as men. Second, we will look at the Story of Ahiqar, a tale of Sumeric origin less known to a wider audience, but popular throughout centuries and still told in the Middle Ages.

For further information, see attachment

O que podemos encontrar em Extração da pedra da loucura, O inferno musical ou A condessa sangrenta? A ideia de que a própria obra literária, associada à pesquisa puramente histórica ou filológica, tem a capacidade de garantir aos leitores uma privilegiada perspectiva intersubjetiva na intencionalidade do Outro.

“Intellectual schools” in vogue
Although I am not personally familiar with the Yale School of deconstruction around Jacques Derrida, I know there were members J Hillis Miler and Paul de Man. It is also remembered part of this school immigrated to UC Irvine which has a renowned school of literary theory for many years. Shoshana Felman was also important to the Yale School of deconstruction, from what I heard. I read Jacques Derrida in original translation and approached what I read from classical philology which is an old and traditional method of approaching literature, specifically geared toward fragmented texts where original, complete versions are rare, if not usually non-existent.

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das Verhältnis zwischen Übersetzung und gesprochenem Latein in der Didaktik des 18. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel von Johann Matthias Gesner (1691-1762) zu erforschen. Dabei stellen sich folgende Fragen: Inwieweit engagierte sich Gesner selbst für das Lateinische und die damalig entstehende ‚Altertumskunde’? Warum war die Papageiengelehrsamkeit so weit verbreitet? Wie versuchte er sie zu lösen? Welche Bedeutung maß er dem Übersetzen und dem Lateinsprechen bei? Wie nachhaltig sind seine Lösungsvorschläge in der Rezeptionsgeschichte verankert? Möglicherweise beeinträchtigte der Aufstieg der modernen Fremdsprachen den Wert des Lateinischen, doch eventuell begünstigten falsche Methoden die Papageiengelehrsamkeit. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen werden das literarische und teils autobiografische Corpus Gesners sowie relevante Werke ausgewählter Gegner der Papageiengelehrsamkeit den bildungs- und wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Erkenntnissen gegenübergestellt und ausgewertet. Es wird sich herausstellen, dass Gesner selbst nicht der reformierende Neuhumanist war, als der er in die Wissenschafts- und Bildungsgeschichte eingedrungen ist. Vielmehr hat er bis dato bekannte Topoi, Theorien und Methoden zusammengefasst, die auf die antike Gedächtnistheorie und ihre Rezeption zurückzuführen sind. Zudem hat er sie mit eigenen Beispielen aufgewertet und durch geschickte Selbstvermarktung verbreitet. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass er möglichst innovativ Spracherwerb und Produktion in lateinischer Sprache gestalten wollte.

The life and work of Optatian are intricately interwoven: just as Optatian’s carmina rank among the most astonishing literary products of their times, his cursus honorum amounts to one of the most surprising senatorial careers in the age of Constantine. The sources are few and far between. But by reexamining the available materials, this chapter points to Optatian’s meteoric rise to political prominence: although the poet’s political career stagnated before his exile, Optatian rose to the highest strata of the senatorial elite immediately after his rehabilitation. The chapter begins by surveying the epigraphic and epistolary evidence for this astonishing career: while a close analysis of the prosopographical information contained in two inscriptions (one from Rome and one from Sparta) provides a basic framework for Optatian’s political biography, a close reading of the two surviving letters (for which a new chronology and context is suggested) yields crucial insights into the earliest phase of interaction between poet and emperor. Against this backdrop, the chapter revisits the manuscript tradition in order to propose a new model for the editing and publication of the purported insigne volumen dedicated to Constantine, and through which the poet secured his recall from exile. The sudden twists of fate in Optatian’s biography, the chapter argues, are closely linked to the poet’s special creations as a medium for interacting with the emperor – which again conveys precious information about the poetic conception of Optatian’s works.

A partir del análisis de los conceptos de “originalidad” e “imitación” en el mundo romano, este artículo estudia los alcances de la literatura científica romana: si puede considerarse como tal su originalidad y su autonomía respecto de los modelos griegos, y sus aportes para la historia y la comunicación de la ciencia en la antigüedad. El artículo se centra en dos obras de carácter técnico-científico escritas en latín: la monumental Historia natural de Plinio y el recetario De re coquinaria . En conclusión, busca establecer similitudes y diferencias entre la literatura técnica y la literatura científica en Roma, y sobre todo discute la originalidad del mensaje científico comunicado por los romanos y el carácter divulgativo de los autores latinos. Palabras clave: Antigua Roma, ciencia, divulgación, literatura técnica, literatura científica, Historia natural, De re coquinaria. Based on the analysis of the concepts of “originality” and “imitation” from the roman world, this article stu...

U radu se nastoje kritički razmotriti rasprave o dvjema retoričkim figurama, apostrofi i prozopopeji, zajedno s njihovim političkim i etičkim konzekvencijama koje su se zadržale u suvremenim pristupima proučavanju lirike od 1980-ih, kada su prvi put izašle na vidjelo. Ako je apostrofa konstitutivna za pjesništvo, a prozopopeja je u podlozi svakog čina čitanja, tada, na teorijski vrlo zanimljive načine, prozopopeja generira sasvim konkretnu ideju pjesništva, podupirući ju institucijom znanosti o književnosti. Ta se ideja ponajprije ostvaruje u antropomorfizaciji lirskog subjekta. No da je ipak riječ o interesnom čitanju koje se još od romantizma prerušava u apriorizam, dokazuje se u nastavku rada analizom tekstova Barbare Johnson psihoanalitičke i dekonstrukcijske provenijencije.The paper critically examines the studies of two rhetorical figures – apostrophe and prosopopoeia – and their political and ethical consequences that have accompanied contemporary approaches to lyric since th...

A Iuvenalis Rómáját benépesítő alakok többnyire nem a „kultúra emberei”, de közöttük is feltűnnek tanárok, tudósok, alkotók, a római irodalom- és művelődéstörténet néhány óriása. Iuvenalis narrátora bírálja a fércműveket, nevetségessé teszi az értéktelen alkotásokat, ugyanakkor számos szöveghely azt bizonyítja, hogy értékeli a valódi szellemi teljesítményt. A háttérben mégis kirajzolódik a kérdés: érdemes-e a szatírák Rómájában értelmiségi pályát választani?

Tanulmányomban az azonos neműek házasságkötéséről beszámoló római szövegeket mutatom be azok megbízhatóságának és lehetséges értelmezéseinek vizsgálata céljával. Az irodalmi és történeti források mellett jogi szempontokat is figyelembe véve, mindenekelőtt Craig Williams, Bruce Frier és Michael Fontaine eredményeire támaszkodva vizsgálom a témát, amelyhez egy későantik constitutio mellett két Martialis-epigramma, egy Iuvenalis-szatíra, valamint a Nero, illetve Heliogabalus császárok egyaránt botrányokkal tűzdelt uralkodásáról beszámoló történeti munkák jelentik a legfontosabb forrást.

Among extant sources, only Pindar (Pyth. 12) and, about 9 centuries later, Nonnus of Panopolis (Dionys. 40. 227–233; 24. 36–38) tell the story of the inventing of the many-headed nome (an instrumental aulos piece depicting with musical means the victory of Perseus over the gorgons): it is said to have been created by Athena to imitate the wailing of the gorgons over decapitated Medusa, of which she was an eyewitness. It is argued that Pindar himself was the author of this etiological legend: he proceeded from two already current myths, that of Perseus patronized by Athena and that of Athena inventing au-los playing, and combined them to please his client, Midas the aulos player, who most probably won the Pythian victory performing exactly the many-headed nome. Nonnus borrowed the myth from Pindar. Geographical specifi-cations, which are different in Pindar and Nonnus, do not contradict this con-clusion.

The paper examines four texts by V. Stus, published in the uncensored periodical “Ukrainskyi Visnyk” from January 1970 to January 1971 (“A Place in a Battle or in a Massacre?”, “Nowadays it is clear to everyone...”, “Every normally organized society...”, and the poem in memory of Alla Horska “Burn Bright, My Soul, Burn Bright, and Do Not Weep!”) taking into account the investigative files of the poet, who was convicted of self-publishing. Within the analyzed prose texts, Stus defends well-known representatives of the resistance movement (Ivan Dziuba, Valentyn Moroz, Vasyl Zakharchenko, Ivan Suk), emphasizes every person’s need for freedom, and draws attention to the necessity of dialogue between the state leadership and society as the latter also bears responsibility for the authorities’ criminal actions. The poet underlines the important role of the creative youth, in which he sees the ‘self-recovery’ of the Ukrainian nation. In the poem “Burn Bright, My Soul, Burn Bright, and Do N...

Il libro raccoglie sedici lavori di Vincenzo Ortoleva pubblicati (o in corso di pubblicazione) tra il 2017 e il 2022, relativi a temi propri della filologia greca e latina, non esclusivamente ‘classica’, ma anche bizantina, mediolatina e umanistica. Sono inoltre trattati argomenti pertinenti alla storia degli studi e all’archeologia, e si rinvengono notazioni sulle continuazioni romanze di termini latini. Il volume fa seguito al precedente, che comprendeva gli scritti del periodo 2012-2016, e completa la riedizione della produzione del decennio.

En las bibliotecas españolas se conservan poco más de una docena de manuscritos de las "Metamorfosis" de Ovidio fechados entre los años finales del siglo XII y el siglo XIV. La mayoría de ellos transmiten extensas glosas en sus márgenes. El Grupo de Investigación Nicolaus Heinsius de la Universidad de Huelva ha elaborado el estudio sistemático y detallado del texto de Ovidio transmitido en los códices españoles. Este esfuerzo de catalogación y estudio permite situar la tradición conservada en España y quizá realizada en suelo hispano durante los siglos medievales dentro de la transmisión textual europea del texto ovidiano. Los resultados de los diferentes análisis han ubicado muchos de estos manuscritos en ramas antiguas del stemma codicum vinculadas con las tradiciones especialmente francesas e italianas. En el trabajo que presentamos nos gustaría centrarnos, apoyándonos en la investigación que nos precede, en los márgenes, en los comentarios completamente inéditos que transmiten algunos de estos manuscritos. Nuestro primer objetivo es situar las glosas latinas conservadas en España dentro de la tradición europea de comentario. En un segundo término, compararemos esta exégesis con las primeras traducciones romances de las "Metamorfosis" que se han conservado en España, concretamente con aquella en castellano incluida en la "General estoria" (ca. 1270) de Alfonso X. Trabajaremos en esta ocasión sobre el mito de Calisto (met. 2.401-531) cuya versión íntegra, acompañada de numerosas y complejas glosas, se inserta en la primera parte de la estoria universal alfonsí. Para ello nos serviremos de los manuscritos De, Es2, Es3, Mt, Mt3, Mt4, Mt5, Sa, So, To y To2 según la catalogación del Grupo Heinsius; son aquellos que consideramos más relevantes para el estudio según nuestro trabajo previo. Como base para el estudio de los comentarios partimos de la investigación fundamental de Coulson, Anderson y Levy (2022), y para la relación con el mito de Calisto en la "General Estoria", del artículo y la tesis doctoral de Salvo (2012). Dentro del trabajo presentaremos la transcripción parcial de las glosas que consideramos más relevantes y el análisis que permite establecer su relación con los comentarios más señalados de los siglos XII y XIII: las "Allegoriae" de Arnulfo de Orléans (Ghisalberti 1932), los "Integumenta" de Juan de Garlandia (Ghisalberti, 1933), el comentario Vulgata (Coulson y Martina 2021) y el del manuscrito Vaticanus latinus 1479 de la Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Ciccone y Possamaï 2020).